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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Karyokinesis
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division of the nucleus
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a piece of linear DNA associated with proteins
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Chromosome
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a sequence of nucleotide monomers that determines an organismal characteristic
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Gene
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two identical copies of the same chromosome that are joined by a centromere
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(sister) Chromatids
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the central portion joining two sister chromatids together
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Centromere
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includes the stages of the cell cycle associated with cell growth and DNA replication.
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Interphase
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Primary growth period
Cell doubles in size Organelles duplicate Ribosomes, RNA, enzymes, etc. are synthesized for S phase |
G1 (Gap 1) Phase:
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where it is judged whether cell may proceed to S phase or whether they enter the G0 Phase
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Restriction Point
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position occupied by non-dividing cells
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G0 Phase
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DNA replication occurs
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S phase:
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Plants- spindle assembly forms
Animals- centrioles divide Mitochondria divide Chromosomes begin to condense (become compact) |
G2 phase (Gap 2):
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the division of a nucleus containing replicated DNA into two identical daughter cells
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Mitosis
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a cell containing 2 full sets of chromosomes
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Diploid Cell
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Chromosomes continue to condense until visible
Nuclear membrane breaks down Centrioles form centrosomes at opposite poles of the cell (animals) Spindle assembly forms at each pole (plants) Spindle fibers made of microtubules form |
Prophase
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Spindle fibers connect chromosomes (at the protein kinetochore) to polar centrosomes/spindle
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Metaphase
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Chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial plane
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Metaphase
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Centrosome/spindle assemble disappears
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Telophase
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the division of a diploid nucleus containing replicated DNA into 4 DIFFERENT haploid daughter cells.
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Meiosis
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pairs of chromosomes inherited from each parent and have the same:
Size, centromere position, type of genes |
Homologous chromosomes
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When chromosomes duplicate to form sister chromatids, the chromosome is called
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dyad
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