The Cell

Front 1

cytoplasm

Back 1

the area between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope; it consists of a loose gel like background material called the cytosol. Suspended in the cytosol are organelles, and inclusion bodies

Hint 1

encompasses the substance inside the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus; the substance in which various cellular components are found; consists of organelles and macromolecular complexes

Front 2

cytosol

Back 2

thicker than H2O; it is within this fluid that the organelles and inclusion bodies as well as proteins, RNA, salts, sugars, and other solutes and colloids are found

Hint 2

water-rich portion of cytoplasm

Front 3

organelles

Back 3

tiny organs that carry out biochemical activities

Front 4

ribosomes

Back 4

site of protein synthesis within the cytoplasm; made of proteins and rRNA

Hint 4

exist free in the cytoplasm and bound to the ER

Front 5

cilia

Back 5

- euk. cell
- numerous and short projections from the cell
- used for locomotion or for moving substances along the surface of the cell

Front 6

lysosome

Back 6

- euk. cell
- primary function is the destruction of foreign materials that enter the cell (phagocytosis) and the destructiuon of the organelles of the cell as part of the normal process of organelle replacement;

Hint 6

can break down various molecules and bacteria

Front 7

Golgi Apparatus

Back 7

- euk. cell
- modify the proteins from the rough ER to form glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipoproteins

Hint 7

a very important role in modifying and packaging proteins

Front 8

vacuoles

Back 8

- euk, cell
- a space or cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell that is enclosed by a membrane

Hint 8

various functions: storage, bring food into cell (phagocytosis), pump/absorb H2O

Front 9

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 9

- euk. cell
- studded with ribosomes
- plays important role in protein synthesis
- factory for synthesizing secretory proteins and membrance molecules

Front 10

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 10

- euk. cell
- extends from rough ER to form a network of membrane tubules
- synthesizes fatty acids and phospholipids, steroids
-metabolism of carbohydrates and the detoxification of poisons

Front 11

Mitochondria

Back 11

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
- euk. cell
- sites of cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP
- synthesizes ATP from ADP
ATP PRODUCTION

Front 12

Nucleus

Back 12

contains most of the DNA of a eukaroyotic cell
- site of RNA production
- DNA OF THE CELL

Front 13

Plasma Membrane

Back 13

- euk. cell
- contains sterols which keep the cells from lysing from the increased osmotic pressure
- also contain carbos, which serve as attachment sites for bacteria

Front 14

Chromosome

Back 14

- euk. cell
- contains multiple linear chromosomes with histones

Front 15

flagella

Back 15

- euk. cell
- long projections from cell used for locomotion
- moves in wavelike manner

Front 16

cytoskeleton

Back 16

- euk. cell
- provides support and shape, and assists in transporting substances through the cell
- made of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Hint 16

part of the internal structure of the cytoplasm

Front 17

centrosome

Back 17

- euk. cell
- located near the nucleus
- the organizing center for the mitotic spindle, which plays a critical role in cell division and for microtubule formation in nondividing cells

Front 18

Nuclear pores

Back 18

- euk. cell
- tiny channels in the nuclear envelope that allow the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm

Hint 18

control the movement of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 19

nuclear envelope

Back 19

- euk. cell
- a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and resembles the plasma meembrane in structure

Front 20

microtubules

Back 20

- euk. cell
- long, hollow tubes made up of a protein called tubulin

Front 21

cytoskeleton

Back 21

- collection of protein filaments, rods, and cylinders that determine the shape of a cell
- structural support for plasma membrane
-organzes contents of cytoplasm
-helps substances within cytoplasm move from one area to another
- help the cell itself move or form pseudopods

Hint 21

3 main components:
-microfilament
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules

Front 22

flagella

Back 22

- arise from a basal body which is really a centriole
- sperm s the only human cell that has a flagella
- 1 flagella per ce;;
- propels the sperm thru the female reproductve tract

Hint 22

- contains 9 pairs of microtubules

Front 23

microtubule

Back 23

- largest component of the cytoskeleton
-hollow cylinders
- made of the proten tublin
- form mitotic spindle
-make up the major part of cilia and flagella
-form the structure of centrioles

Front 24

cilia

Back 24

- arses from a basal body which is really a centriole
-occurs in some types of epthelial cells of the body
-hair-like
- function to propel a substance along the surface in one drection

Hint 24

contains 9 pair of microtubules

Front 25

nucleus

Back 25

CONTROL CENTER
- contains genetic material

- nuclear envelope, like plasma membrane
- ER is extenson of nuclear envelope

Hint 25

- contains chromatin-->DNA and ts assoc. proteins
- stores all the info needed to control the synthesis of more than 40,000 different proteins
-usally contains nucleoli

Front 26

nucleolus

Back 26

- located in nucleus
- synthesises ribosomal RNA and then assemble this with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes

Hint 26

- ribosomes are assembled w/in the nucleolus and then exported to the cytoplasm
-cells that produce lots of proteins have many large nucleoli w/in their nucleus