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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Cell wall (made of)
cellulose
Cell wall (function)
structure and protection - lies outside cell membrane
Cell wall (found in what cells?)
Plants and bacteria
Cell wall
organelle (definition)
well-defined sub-cellular structure with a particular function
Nucleus (function)
control center of the cell; contains DNA (chromatin/chromosomes)
Nucleus (location)
center-ish of cell; central location
nucleus
chromatin
made of DNA and proteins; unwound chromosomes
chromosomes
highly condensed chromatin; look like x's
nucleoplasm
semifluid found inside nucleus
Nucleolus (looks like)
dark patch in center of nucleus
Nucleolus (function)
where rRNA is produced; where rRNA and proteins are combined to form ribosomes
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope (structure)
double membrane with pores in it and continuous with the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nuclear envelope
allows the bidirectional movement of proteins, ribosomal subunits and mRNA
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
selectively allow things to move in/out of the nucleus
Ribosomes (location)
found free floating in cytoplasm or attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes (function)
Produce protein
Ribosomes (structure)
Made up of 2 subunits; each subunit is composed of rRNA and protein
Ribosomes
Polyribosomes
many ribosomes that are associating with one piece of mRNA at a time
Endomembrane system (composed of)
nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, several vesicles
Vesicles
tiny membranous sacs that are used to transport things around the cell
Vesicle
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (structure)
Stacks of flattened vesicles that are continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope; has ribosomes attached to its surface
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (function)
Production of proteins (outside) & modification and processing of newly made proteins (inside)
Rough endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (structure)
Connected to the R.E.R.; does NOT have ribosomes attached to its surface
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (function)
Produce various lipids (phospholipids, steroids); detoxifies drugs; stores various minerals
*different locations in body have different functions
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus (structure)
Stacks of flattened and slightly curved sacs
Golgi apparatus (function)
Collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials such as protein and lipids
Golgi apparatus
Secretion
When vesicles carrying contents fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents.
Lysosomes
Vesicles, made at Golgi, that contain digestive enzymes
Vacuole
Large membranous sac (much larger than a vesicle) that is used for storage
vacuole
Peroxisome
Membrane bound vesicles that contain enzymes whose action will produce peroxide as a product of its action
Chloroplasts (function)
Use solar energy to synthesize carbs through photosynthesis
Chloroplasts (are found in?)
plants, algae, cyanobacteria
Chloroplasts (structure)
Two membranes that enclose a space (stroma) and stacked structures (grana)
chloroplast
Mitochondria (function)
Produce ATP from oxygen and sugar through the process of cellular respiration
Mitochondria (structure)
Two membranes that enclose a space (matrix) and fingerlike projections (cristae)
Mitochondria (in a plant cell)
Mitochondria (in animal cell)