The Cell

Front 1

cytoplasm

Back 1

the area between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope; it consists of a loose gel like background material called the cytosol. Suspended in the cytosol are organelles, and inclusion bodies

Hint 1

encompasses the substance inside the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus; the substance in which various cellular components are found; consists of organelles and macromolecular complexes

Front 2

organelles

Back 2

tiny organs that carry out biochemical activities

Front 3

ribosomes

Back 3

site of protein synthesis within the cytoplasm; made of proteins and rRNA

Hint 3

exist free in the cytoplasm and bound to the ER

Front 4

cilia

Back 4

- euk. cell
- numerous and short projections from the cell
- used for locomotion or for moving substances along the surface of the cell

Front 5

chloroplast

Back 5

- euk. cell
- a membrane-enclosed structure that contains both the pigment chlorophyll and the enzymes required for the light gathering stage of photosynthesis

Front 6

lysosome

Back 6

- euk. cell
- primary function is the destruction of foreign materials that enter the cell (phagocytosis) and the destructiuon of the organelles of the cell as part of the normal process of organelle replacement;

Hint 6

can break down various molecules and bacteria

Front 7

Golgi Apparatus

Back 7

- euk. cell
- modify the proteins from the rough ER to form glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipoproteins

Hint 7

a very important role in modifying and packaging proteins

Front 8

vacuoles

Back 8

- euk, cell
- a space or cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell that is enclosed by a membrane

Hint 8

various functions: storage, bring food into cell (phagocytosis), pump/absorb H2O

Front 9

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 9

- euk. cell
- studded with ribosomes
- plays important role in protein synthesis
- factory for synthesizing secretory proteins and membrance molecules

Front 10

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 10

- euk. cell
- extends from rough ER to form a network of membrane tubules
- synthesizes fatty acids and phospholipids, steroids
-metabolism of carbohydrates and the detoxification of poisons

Front 11

Mitochondria

Back 11

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
- euk. cell
- sites of cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP
- synthesizes ATP from ADP
ATP PRODUCTION

Front 12

Nucleus

Back 12

contains most of the DNA of a eukaroyotic cell
- site of RNA production
- DNA OF THE CELL

Front 13

Plasma Membrane

Back 13

- euk. cell
- contains sterols which keep the cells from lysing from the increased osmotic pressure
- also contain carbos, which serve as attachment sites for bacteria

Front 14

Chromosome

Back 14

- euk. cell
- contains multiple linear chromosomes with histones

Front 15

flagella

Back 15

- euk. cell
- long projections from cell used for locomotion
- moves in wavelike manner

Front 16

cytoskeleton

Back 16

- euk. cell
- provides support and shape, and assists in transporting substances through the cell
- made of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Hint 16

part of the internal structure of the cytoplasm

Front 17

nucleoli

Back 17

- euk. cell
- within nuclear envelope
- condensed regions of chromosomes where rRNA is being synthesized

Hint 17

synthesizes ribosomal RNA

Front 18

centrosome

Back 18

- euk. cell
- located near the nucleus
- the organizing center for the mitotic spindle, which plays a critical role in cell division and for microtubule formation in nondividing cells

Front 19

microtubules

Back 19

- euk. cell
- long, hollow tubes made up of a protein called tubulin

Front 20

capsule

Back 20

-prok. cell
- layer of organized and firmly attached glycocalyx
- contributes to bacterial virulence
- often protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis

Front 21

Prok. Cell Plasma Membrane

Back 21

at the periphery of the cell; site of cellular respiration

Front 22

Prok. Cell Wall

Back 22

Consists of peptidoglycans; rigid wall that protects the cell from osmotic lysis

Front 23

Pili

Back 23

- prok. cell
- hairlike appendages, usually # 1 or 2 per cell, involved in motility and DNA transfer

Front 24

Plasmids

Back 24

- prok. cell
- extrachromosal DNA; usually contain 5 to 100 genes that are generally not crucial for survival

Front 25

Prok. Cell Ribosomes

Back 25

- sites of protein synthesis
- float free in the cytoplasm

Front 26

Flagella

Back 26

long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria

Front 27

cytoskeleton

Back 27

- collection of protein filaments, rods, and cylinders that determine the shape of a cell
- structural support for plasma membrane
-organzes contents of cytoplasm
-helps substances within cytoplasm move from one area to another
- help the cell itself move or form pseudopods

Hint 27

3 main components:
-microfilament
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules

Front 28

flagella

Back 28

- arise from a basal body which is really a centriole
- sperm s the only human cell that has a flagella
- 1 flagella per ce;;
- propels the sperm thru the female reproductve tract

Hint 28

- contains 9 pairs of microtubules

Front 29

microtubule

Back 29

- largest component of the cytoskeleton
-hollow cylinders
- made of the proten tublin
- form mitotic spindle
-make up the major part of cilia and flagella
-form the structure of centrioles

Front 30

cilia

Back 30

- arses from a basal body which is really a centriole
-occurs in some types of epthelial cells of the body
-hair-like
- function to propel a substance along the surface in one drection

Hint 30

contains 9 pair of microtubules

Front 31

nucleus

Back 31

CONTROL CENTER
- contains genetic material
- lrgest, most conspicuous structure of a cell
- nuclear envelope, like plasma membrane
- ER is extenson of nuclear envelope

Hint 31

- contains chromatin-->DNA and ts assoc. proteins
- stores all the info needed to control the synthesis of more than 40,000 different proteins
-usally contains nucleoli

Front 32

nucleoli (nucleolus)

Back 32

- located in nucleus
- synthesis ribosomal RNA and then assemble this with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes

Hint 32

- ribosomes are assembled w/in the nucleolus and then exported to the cytoplasm
-cells that produce lots of proteins have many large nucleoli w/in their nucleus

Front 33

chromosome

Back 33

during prophase the DNA and histones form highly coiled short fat bodies

Hint 33

1 chromosome consists of 2 identical chromatids that are held together by a centromere