The Cardiac Cycle: Events Of Systole & Diastole

Front 1

Atrial systole means

Back 1

atrial contraction begins,
atrial eject blood in ventricles

Front 2

Give order of steps in cardiac cycle

Back 2

atrial systole

ventricular systole

ventricular diastole

Front 3

EDV stands for

Back 3

end diastolic volume

Front 4

EDV, S1 are in what step?

Back 4

atrial systole

Front 5

SV stand for + means

Back 5

Stroke volume
volume of blood ejected by ventricle through semilunar valves

Front 6

formula for SV

Back 6

=
EDV-ESV

Front 7

SV,
isovolumetric contractions
semilumar valves close (S2)
ESV
ventricles release blood
are in what step?

Back 7

ventricular systole

Front 8

ESV stands for

Back 8

end systolic volume

Front 9

the beginning of ventricular diastole what occurs?

Back 9

high ventricular pressure
low atrial pressure

all valves closed

isovolumetric relaxation

Front 10

near the end of ventricular diastole what occurs?

Back 10

high atrial pressure
low ventricular pressure

AV open
passive atrial + ventricular filling begin

Front 11

define ejection fraction

Back 11

% of EDV represented by SV

Front 12

If SV is increased?

Back 12

ventricles are ejecting more blood through semilunar valves
=
increased cardio output

Front 13

If ESV is increased?

Back 13

there is more blood left in ventricles (instead of being released through semilunar valves)
=
decreased cardio output

Front 14

ESV is usually what % of EDV?

Back 14

40%



ESV (blood ejected through semilunar valve) is 40% of EDV (blood ventricle recieved from atria)

Front 15

S1

Back 15

first sound, lub, loud
AV close

Front 16

S2

Back 16

second sound, dub, loud
semilunar valves close

Front 17

atrial systole

Back 17

S1

Front 18

ventricular systole

Back 18

S2

Front 19

S3,S4

Back 19

soft sounds heard during blood flow into ventricles, atrial contraction

Front 20

sounds heard because of regurguitation of blood is

Back 20

heart mumur

Front 21

heart mumurs are caused by

Back 21

valve prolapse

Front 22

If you have a heart attack patient with an end-diastolic volume of 125 ml and an end systolic volume of 40 ml.

Calc stroke volume

Back 22

SV= EDV-ESV
SV=125-40

=85

Front 23

cardiac output def

Back 23

vol of blood pumped by left ventricle in 1 min

Front 24

cardiac output formula

Back 24

=
HR x SV

heart rate (bpm) x stroke volume (ml/beat)

Front 25

A patient has a heart rate of 125 beats/min, EDV of 130 mL and ESV of 40mL. What is cardiac output

Back 25

CO= HR x SV

SV= EDV-EDV

130-40=90

CO=125 x 90=
11250 mL/min

Front 26

factors affecting heart are

Back 26

autonomic innervation

hormones

Front 27

factors affecting stroke volume

Back 27

EDV & ESV

Front 28

Give an alternate but equal formula for CO

Back 28

=
HR x (EDV-ESV)

Front 29

name the nervous system component in heart

Back 29

cardiac plexus

Front 30

which part of the brain also affects heart

Back 30

medulla oblongata with its
cardio acceleratory
cardio inhibitory centers

Front 31

resting tone is maintained by

Back 31

aCH (acetylocholine)
NE (norepiphrine)

Front 32

tell flow in cardioacceltory center

Back 32

impulses sent to sympathetic neruons
cardiac plexus
signal goes to AV & SA node

Front 33

tell flow in cardioinhibitory center

Back 33

impulses sent to parasympathetic vagus

inhibitory impulses sent to heart.

Front 34

why do pacemaker cells make the 1st heart beat?

Back 34

pacemaker cells in SA node have a membrane potential closer to threshold potential

(-60 mV instead of -80 mv)

depolarizes fastest at a rate of 80 beats/min

Front 35

sympathetic & parasympathetic stimulation is greatest at

Back 35

the SA node

Front 36

Ach is what branch of nervous system

has what effect on heart

Back 36

parasympathetic, slows heart

Front 37

NE is part of what branch of nervous system

has what effect on heart

Back 37

sympathetic, speeds up heart

Front 38

the atrial reflex is also called the

Back 38

Bainbridge reflex

Front 39

fcn of atrial reflex

Back 39

adjusts heart rate in response to increased venous return

Front 40

When you excercise how does heart increase?

Back 40

Sympathetic nervous system kicks in
stretchreceptors (mechanoreceptors) in r. atrium
cause increase in HR

Front 41

these hormones stimualte SA node and increase heart rate

Back 41

epinephrine

norepinephrine

thyroid hormone

Front 42

factors that influence Stroke Volume

Back 42

duration of ventricular diastole
(filling time)

rate of blood flow during ventricular diastole
(venous return)

Front 43

preload def

Back 43

how much ventricle stretches during ventricular diastole

(aka how stretched are they before they contract (fill with blood)

Front 44

if preload increases then, EDV

Back 44

increases

Front 45

how does preload affect muscle cells

Back 45

ability to produce tension

Front 46

at rest,
EDV is
myocardium stretches
stroke volume

Back 46

low
less
low

Front 47

with excercise,
EDV is
myocardium stretches
stroke volume

Back 47

high
more
high

Front 48

Frank Starling principle

Back 48

EDV increases
SV increases

Front 49

the most important factor for controlling stoke volume is

Back 49

preload

Front 50

ventricula expansion is limited by

Back 50

myocardial connective tissue

cardiac (fibrous) skeleton

pericardial sac

Front 51

factors that affect ESV

Back 51

preload: how pre stretched the ventricle during diastole (rest)

contractilcity: force of contraction at a certain preload

afterload: tension ventricle produces to push open semilunar

Front 52

afterload

Back 52

tension the ventricle produces to open semilunar valve and eject blood.

Front 53

contractility def

Back 53

force produced during contraction
at a given preload

Front 54

contractility depends on

Back 54

autonomic activty (symp/parasymp)
hormones

Front 55

sympathetic stimulation effect on contractility

Back 55

ventricles contract with more force
increases ejection fraction
decreases ESV (less blood left in ventricles that should have been pumped)

Front 56

parasympathetic stimulation effect on contractility

Back 56

ach released by vagus nerves

reduces force of cardiac contractions

Front 57

if afterload increases then SV

Back 57

increases

Front 58

afterload can be increased by

Back 58

any factor that restricts arterial flow

Front 59

cardiac reserve

Back 59

difference btwn resting and maximal cardiac output

Front 60

drugs that stimulate or block beta adrenergic receptors causes

Back 60

beta -one recepetors to be activated and heart rate increases

Front 61

calicum channel blockers

Back 61

decrease force of cardiac contraction

decrease BP

dilate coronary arteries

weaken contractions

Front 62

what is negative ionotropic effect?

Back 62

contractions are weakened

can be due to Ca2+ channel blockers

Front 63

EDV means

Back 63

blood recieved by venticles from atria

(aka they have to end their nap(diastole) b/c atria is giving them blood

Front 64

ESV means

Back 64

volume of blood remaining after ventricle ejects blood through semilunar valves

Front 65

isovolumetric contraction def

Back 65

occurs in ventricles in order to pressurize blood in order to open semilunar valves

Front 66

isvolumetric contraction happens in what step?

Back 66

ventricular systole