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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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brainstem 3 regions |
medulla oblongota pons midbrain |
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cerebellum location |
posterior to brainstem inferior to cerebrum |
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diencephalon location |
superior to brainstem surrounded by cerebrum |
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diencephalon consists of |
thalamus hypothalamus |
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cranial meminges |
dura arachnoid pia |
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dura mater |
tough outermost opaque membrane |
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arachnoid mater |
middle meninges |
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pia mater |
innermost meninges attached to surface of brain |
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subarachnoid space |
between arachnoid and pia mater
contains CSF |
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percentage of oxygen and glucose used exclusively by the brain |
20% |
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blood-brain barrier |
composition: capillary walls and astrocytes
restricts what is allowed to interact with the brain |
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what crosses the BBB |
alcohol, cocaine, heroin, o2, anesthetics (FAST)
ions cross slowly |
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CSF function |
cushions brain
transports nutrients and waste between blood and brain |
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where is CSF made? |
from blood in the ventricles
Goes into the subarachnoid space |
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4 ventricles of brain |
2 lateral 3rd 4th |
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cerebral aqueduct |
between 3rd and 4th ventricles |
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medulla oblongota |
respiratory and cardiovascular vomiting, coughing, swallowing centers |
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pons and midbrain |
continuation of ascending and descending tracts with more cranial nerves |
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cerebellum |
motor coordination and posture |
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ataxia |
lack of coordination |
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thalamus |
lateral to 3rd ventricle relay station for incoming signals |
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what sense bypasses the thalamus? |
olfactory or smelling |
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hypothalamus |
regulates basic body physiology temp food and fluid intake endocrine emotional state |
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cerebrum |
largest part of brain divided by longitudinal fissure |
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each hemisphere is divided into |
4 lobes |
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cerebral cortex |
outermost layer of gray matter |
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gyrus |
fold in cerebral cortex |
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sulcus |
groove separating 2 gyri |
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white matter in the cerebrum is composed of |
tracts myelinated axons with no surrounding conn. tissue |
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association tracts |
action potential between different part of cortex in the same hemisphere |
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commissural tract |
action potential between opposite hemisphere
must cross midline |
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projection tract |
link cortex to lower part of the CNS
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basal ganglia |
masses of gray matter deep within cerebrum
motor function |
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motor speech area |
brocas area----articulation of speech
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location of brocas area |
frontal lobe above lateral sulcus in left hemisphere |
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primary somatosensory area |
touch temp pain and pressure
postcentral gyrus |
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primary visual area |
sensory for vision
posterior occipital lobe |
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primary auditory area |
sensory for hearing
temporal lobe inferior to lateral sulcus |
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left hemisphere specializations |
speech and numerical skills |
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right hemisphere specialization |
space and patterns, faces musical and artistic abilities |
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stroke |
interuption of blood flow to some part of the brain |
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causes of stroke |
hemorrhage (bleeding in vessel) blockage of blood flow from clot |
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__ pairs of cranial nerves |
12 |
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olfactory nerve |
purely sensory for olfaction |
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optic nerve |
purely sensory for vision |
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oculomotor nerves |
mainly motor controls extrinsic eye muscles |
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facial nerves |
motor for muscles of facial expression and sensory for taste |
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trigeminal nerve |
sensory for face, scalp and teeth
motor for muscles for chewing |
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3 major branches of trigeminal nerve |
opthalmic maxillary mandibular |
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largest cranial nerve |
trigeminal |
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vestibulocochlear nerve |
purely sensory for hearing and sense of equillibruim |
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vagus nerve |
motor of vocal cord, thoracic organs, and abdominal organs
sensory for involuntary organs in thoracic and abdominal
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most axons of vagus nerve go to |
structures inferior to neck |
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hypoglossal nerve |
mainly motor for tongue important for speech and swallowing |
