Textiles Exam 2

Front 1

Manufactured Fiber

Back 1

are made from chemical compounds produced in manufacturing facilities. The material's original form is not recognizable as a fiber.

Front 2

Manufactured Regenerated Fiber

Back 2

Produced from naturally occuring polymers. Polymers do not occur naturally as fibers; thus, processing is needed to convert them into fiber form. Reclaimed from cellulose or protein. (rayon, lyocell and acetate) --cellulosic fibers..remember "natural"

Front 3

Synthetic Fiber

Back 3

second type of manufactured fibers.fully man made fibers..(nylon, polyester, olefin, and acrylic).

Front 4

Rayon

Back 4

1st regenerated cellulosic fiber. Commercial Production 1911. Cotton linters, or wood pulp. "artificial silk."
- weak fiber that loses about 50% of its strength when wet.
- lowest elasticity recovery of any fiber.

Front 5

Viscose (type of rayon)

Back 5

- regular (most basic type). 94% cellulose. Wood pulp. Most widely used.

Front 6

Cupramonium (type of rayon)

Back 6

- Not produced in US anymore. Cotton linters. Stronger, more silk-like.

Front 7

HWM (high wet modulus)..(type of rayon)

Back 7

- more like cotton.
- high wet strength
- less prone to stretch when damp or wet

Front 8

Lyocell

Back 8

- wood pulp.
-- good drape.
- soft hand.
- very strong (wet and dry) strongest of all cellulostics
- will wrinkle, but not likely to shrink.
- fairly abrasion resistant.
- will fibrillate

Front 9

Acetate

Back 9

- 1920s
- 2nd manufactured fiber in US
- coating for wings of WWI airplanes
- chemical variation of cellulose known as "ester"
- dry spun
- problems with acetate:
1. thermoplastic (heat sensitive)
2. fume fading
-lobular cross section
-high luster
-good drape
-medium absorbency
- poor thermal retention
- poor resilency

Front 10

Difference Between Synthetic Fibers and Regenerated Fibers

Back 10

- The difference is the raw material from which the fiber is formed. Regenerated fibers are produced from naturally occuring polymers, the polymers for synthetic fibers are synthesized or made from smalll simple molecules.

Front 11

Nylon

Back 11

- 1st manufactuered synthetic
- 1st consumer product was toothbrush (bristles)
- Women's stockings...(miracle fiber and nylon riots)
- By 1970 produced in greater quantity than any other synthetic
*Physical Structure*
- smooth surface
- naturally lustrous
- "strong man" fiber (it will be on test)
1. Exceptional recovery and elongation
2. Excellent tenacity
3. Excellent abrasion resistance
- moderate thermal retention
- low absorbency
- dimensional stability
- low resistance to sunlight

Front 12

Polyester

Back 12

- Introduced in 1951
1. experiment
2. "wash and wear" revolution
3. clotheslines replaced by electric dryers
4. decrease in ironing
- decline in late 1970s
- resulting image problem
- apparel
- industrial and consumer textiles
1. road building textiles
2. transportation upholestry
3. seatbelts
- Household and Institutional Textiles
1. draperies
2. upholestry
Properties
- petroleum
- heat drawn
- excellent resilience
- heat set
- hard hand
- high amount of pilling (some fabrications)
- excellent blending properties
- excellent abrasion resistance
- strength is not affected by moisture
- hydrophobic
- resists sunlight deterioration
- bacterial odor

Front 13

Oelfin

Back 13

- significant in use in 1960s for inerior furnishing fabrics
- today, 55% and used in carpets and rugs
- secondary usage in industrial and consumer textiles
1. outdoor furniture
2. rope
3. bags
4. medical and surgical textiles
- less than 1 % used for apparel
- melt spun
- flakes of polypropylene
- round, smooth
- medium in luster
- sometimes produce an oily/waxy hand
- oleoprillic
- nonabsorbent, dries quickly after wet.
- not as susceptible to static electricity
- wicking
- thermal retentive
- very strong, not adversely affected by moisture
- highly abrasion resistant
- excellent resilience (but will melt/shrink in heat) and recovery
- resists mildew
- lightest in weight (low density)

Front 14

Acrylic

Back 14

- largest application in apparel and carpets
- very soft hand
- easily imitates wool
- "warmth without weight"
- moderate strength/durability
- hydrophobic, but wicks
- thermal retentive
- cannot be heat set (decomposes before reaching melting point)
- poorer dimensional stability than poly/nylon
see table 8-20

Front 15

Modacrylic

Back 15

- modification of regular acrylic
- 1st inherently flame - retardant fiber
- similar to acrylic, with exception of durability

Front 16

Elastomeric **on test

Back 16

"a natural or synthetic polymer that, at room temp, can be stretched repeatedly at least twice, its original length and that, after removal of the tensile load, will immediately and forcibly return to approx its orginal length.
Two kinds of stretch:
Comfort
1. 15-30% elongation
2. Provide closer - fitting garments
3. Gentle shaping

Power
1. 30-X00% elongation
2. Firms and shapes
3. Compressive pressure
4. Foundational garments, swimsuits, suspenders.

Front 17

Spandex

Back 17

- first synthetic elastic fiberm developed in attempt to out perform rubber.
- finer. used in lighter weight fabrics.
- dyeable
- grin-through (see figure 9-4). pg 160
Protective Fibers:
- developed to produce inherent resistances
1. flame
2. heat
3. chemicals
Expensive

Front 18

Rubber

Back 18

-manufactured fibers in which the fiber -forming substance is compromised of natural or synthetic rubber
-Natural
1. ancient central and south american civilizations used coagulated rubber for playing ball (as early as 1600 BC)
- recieved its name in 1700s
- used in foundation garments beginning in early 1900s
- exported by SE Asian countries
- Havea tree
- Tapper shaves off thin layer from bark
Synthetic
- developed in early 30’s
- improvements in finesness, durability
- greater resistance to deterioration
- used more frequently
Properties:
-hard to dye
-usually covered by yarn
-excellent elongation (500-600%) and recovery
-heat sensitive
-deterioration from sunlight, oils, and heat

Front 19

Aramid

Back 19

- no melting point, flame resistant
- high tenacity
- high resistance to chemicals
- industrial and protective clothing
- furnishings

Front 20

Glass

Back 20

- made from melted glass
"ingredients" (sand, limestone, additives)
- skin irritant (breaks easily)
- extruded into long filaments
- doesn't burn, melts at 2400 degrees F
- thermal retentive

Front 21

Spinneret

Back 21

- small nozzle through which the dope or melt is forced

Front 22

Wet Spinning

Back 22

(acrylic, lyocell, rayon, spandex): polymer dissolved by chemicals, spun into a chemical bath and coagulated.

Front 23

Dry Spinning

Back 23

(acetate, acyrlic, modacrylic, spandex, triacetate, and vinyon): polymer dissolved by solvent, spun into warm air and solvent evaporates.

Front 24

Melt Spinning

Back 24

(nylon, olefin, polyester): polymer melted, spun into air, and cooled.

Front 25

Striations

Back 25

- are the lengthwise lines present on several manufactured fibers, such as rayon.

Front 26

Heat Setting

Back 26

-describes the process of producing fiber, yarn, or fabric stability through the use of heat.

Front 27

Heat Sensitivity

Back 27

- is the ability to soften, melt, or shrink when subjected to heat.

Front 28

Thermoplastic

Back 28

describes a fibers sensitivity to heat fibers that melt or glaze at relatively low temp

Front 29

Fiber Spinning

Back 29

the process of producing a manufactured fiber from a solution

Front 30

Drawing

Back 30

describes a fiber - finishing step in which a manufactured fiber is elongated after spinning to alter the molecular arrangement within the fiber, increasing crystallinity and orientation and resulting in a change in specific performance properties

Front 31

Glazing

Back 31

is a flattening of the cross section of heat sensitive fibers or yarns resulting from exposure to high temperatures

Front 32

Pilling

Back 32

the formation of tiny balls of fiber ends and lint on the surface of the fabric

Front 33

Oleophilic

Back 33

refers to fibers that have a high affinity for oil

Front 34

Power Stretch

Back 34

refers to the ability of a fabric to exhibit high retractive forces that mold, support, or shape the body.

Front 35

Comfort Stretch

Back 35

refers to the ability of a fabric to elongate slightly as the body moves and to recover a significant portion of that elongation when the stretching force is removed.

Front 36

Grin - through

Back 36

occurs when some elastomeric fibers break and the broken ends or loops of broken fibers appear on the fabric's surface. In pile and tufted fabrics, it describes where the base structure shows through the pile surface.

Front 37

Metallic Fibers

Back 37

are manufactured fibers composed of metal, plastic - coated metal, metal - coated plastic, or a core completely covered by metal.

Front 38

Wicking

Back 38

the ability of a fiber to transfer moisture along its surface.

Front 39

For the fibers Rayon, Acetate, Polyester, Nylon, Rubber, Spandex:
1. surface characteristics
2. aesthetic properties
3. durability properties
4. comfort properties
5. appearance retention properties
6. brief background
*you do not have to know cross-sectional shape, or spinning method

Back 39

--just wanted to write directions for test

Front 40

For the fibers Acrylic, Modacrylic:
1. Aesthetic properties
2. For Modacrylic, background

Comparisons between fibers will be ones that we’ve discussed in class and/or will be made between fibers of contrasting properties

Review fiber modifications (chapter 6)

Back 40

--just wanted to write directions for test