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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bast fiber
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fiber removed from the stem of a plant
falx, ramie, hemp, jute |
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Abaca (Manilla hemp)
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-leaf fiber from banana tree family in Philippines
- off white/brown -makes ropes,cordage, floor mats, clothing |
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Coir
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comes from a coconut
-door mats - resist moisture & abraision |
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Conventional Cotton
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cotton grown and processed by regualr mainstream practices
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Convolutions
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ribbonlike twists along a cotton fiber
-allows fibers to adhere to one another |
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Cornhusks (Maize)
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used in area rugs- resistance to dry heat and soil
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Cottonize
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process of cutting fibers into shorter fibers to blend with cotton
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Cuticle
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waxlike film covering the outermost layer of a cotton fiber
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Decortication
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used to remove ramie or any bast fiber from the plant stem
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Egyptian, Pima, Supima, or Sea Island Cotton
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long or extra- long staple cotton
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Flax
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bast fiber produced by the flax plant
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Gin
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mechanical device used to separate cotton fibers from seeds
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Green Cotton
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cotton fabric that was washed with mild natural soap, but not bleached or treated other chemicals except natural dyes
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Hackling
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process separating bast fiber bundles into individual fibers and removing short irregular fibers.
-remove debris |
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Hemp
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bast fiber produced by Cannabis Sativa
- long staple fibers -rots in water |
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Cornhusks (Maize)
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used in area rugs- resistance to dry heat and soil
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Cottonize
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process of cutting fibers into shorter fibers to blend with cotton or porcessing on equipment designed for cotton
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Cuticle
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waxlike film covering the outermost layer of a cotton fiber
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Decortication
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used to remove ramie or any bast fiber from the plant stem
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Egyptian, Pima, Supima, or Sea Island Cotton
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long or extra- long staple cotton
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Henequen
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-stronger than jute
-If blended can be in apparel |
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Hibiscus
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- same family as cotton (Malvaceae)
- clarifies sugarcane juice - can be bleached -stronger than jute -If blended can be in apparel |
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Jute
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cheapest bast fiber
-burlap bags - not used for clothes - 3-15 ft. long -100% recycleable and Biodegradable - STRONG - off white or brown |
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Kapok
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fiber removed from the seeds of the Java Kapok or Silk Cotton Tree
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Kenaf
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bast fiber from Kenaf Plant
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Leaf Fibers
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fiber from leaves of plant
Pina, Abaca, Sisal |
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Line
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long, combed, and better quality flax fibers
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Linen
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fabric made from Flax
-fibers longer than 10 in. - warm weather -low resiliency -dry clean |
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Linters
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very short cotton fibers that remain attached to the cotton seed after ginning
- used in rayon & acetate -nail polish, gum, makeup, photo film |
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Lint
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usable cotton fibers removed in ginning process
- fiber debris in pilling or lint traps |
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Lumen
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hollow central canal where nutrients travel as a cotton fiber develops in the plant
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Milkweed ( silkweed, asclepias cotton)
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soft, lusterous hollow-floss seed hari fiber resembling Kapok
- fiberfill in comforters - floation devices - weak |
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Naturally Colored Cotton
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cotton grown in colors of brown, tan, yellow, green, rust, etc.
-produce less per acre -seel for twice as much as reg. cotton |
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Nodes
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irregular crosswise markings present in many bast fibers
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Organic Cotton
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produced on farm where organic standards have been for at least 3 yrs.
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Rush & Palm Fibers
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used in wooden frame chairs for natural look
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Pina
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leaf fiber from pinapple plant
- formal wear in Philippines -makes Sheer, Lightweight, stiff fabrics |
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Ramie
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-fiber from perennial shrub
-grown in hot and humid climates -Expensive to produce, import -usually mixed or blended - good resiliency - stronger when wet -silky luster -brittle |
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Retting
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process of bacterial rotting or decomposing the pectin in plant stems to remove bast fibers
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Rush
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From stems of marsh plant
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Rippling
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process of removing seeds by pulling plant through a machine to obtain bast fiber
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Scutching
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process where bast fiber plant stems are passed through fluted metal rollers or beaten to remove the woody outter layers
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Sea Grass
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from China or Vietnam
- makes area rugs |
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Seed Fiber
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fiber from plant seed pod
cotton, coir |
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Sisal
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leaf fiber from Africa, Central America, and West indies
- used in algrcultural products rope, bags, - not used in clothes by itself -blended w. wool & acrylic -smooth, straight, yellow - degraded by saltwater |
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Tow
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short flax fibers or large assembly of filament fibers to facilitate handling and processing during the production of manufactured staple fibers
-fibers less than 10 in. |
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Transition Cotton
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produced on land where organic farming is practiced but where the 3 yr. min. for certification hasnt been met
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Wicker
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furniture made from tightly twisted paper, yarns, rattan, adn other natural materials
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2 Types of jute
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Tossa
White |
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Grades of Sisal
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lower- paper industry
medium-agricultural products /ropes higher- used in carpet |
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Boll
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green seed pod (cotton)
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Cotton
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1/2 - 2 in. fibers
- longer the fiber = better quality |
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Classification
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describes cotton quality in terms of staple length, grade, and character
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Grade
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color of fiber without dirt or seeds in it
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Staple Length Cotton
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based on Length of sample of fibers taken from boll
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Character
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fiber aspects, maturity, smoothness, etc.
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Neps
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tangles of cotton fiber
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Strict Low- Middling Cotton
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used in mass production & cotton- synthetic blends
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Mercerization
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-for cotton
-treated w/ sodiun hydroxide -increase absorbency & dyeability |
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Cotton Durability
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-Stronger when wet
-medium resistance to abraison -yellow in sunlight |
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2 types of Coir Fibers
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Brown & white
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BRown Coir fibers
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-from mature coconuts
-brushes -stronger -contain less cellulose |
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White Coir Fibers
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- from non-mature coconuts
- weaker, finer - fishing nets - resists saltwater |
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Dew Retting
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- OLD method
- rot bark - natural bacteria absorbs wood |
