Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Prehistory |
Before writing |
|
|
Lower Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) |
crude tools |
|
|
Upper Paleolithic (New Stone Age) |
Variety of specialized tools Clothes Organized in groups Practice art Cave dwellers |
|
|
Neolithic |
Complex social structures family, religion, government Domesticate animals, produce crops Textiles, pottery, wheel |
|
|
Bronze Age |
3000 BCE Metals discovered First civilizations |
|
|
Characteristics of Civilizations |
Metal to make weapons and tools Written language Territorial state Calendar In fertile river valley |
|
|
Earliest Civilizations |
Nile River Valley in Egypt Mesopotamia Indus River Hwang Ho in China |
|
|
Fertile Crecent |
Home to the earliest civilizations Tigris-Euphrates Mesopotamia Egypt Nile Geography and available water made large scale population possible |
|
|
Egyptian |
Pyramids, hieroglyphics, mummies, papyrus, decimal system, solar calendar, arithmetic, geometry |
|
|
Sumerian |
invented the wheel, irrigation systems, cuneiform writing, timekeeping system used today |
|
|
Babylonian |
Code of Hammurabi (advanced law code)
|
|
|
Assyrian |
horse drawn chariots Organized military |
|
|
Hebrew |
Israelite's Monotheistic
|
|
|
Persian |
Conquerors (allowed concured to keep laws, customs, religions) Alaphebet Zoroastrianism |
|
|
Minoan |
Syllabic writing Palaces with sewage systems, running water, bathtubs, flush toilets Linear Script A (undeciphered) Island of Crete Subsisted on trade |
|
|
Mycenaean |
First major civilization in Europe Relied on conquest Religion grew into Greek pantheon Linear Script B (Early Greek) History recorded by Homer |
|
|
Phoenicians |
Skilled seafarers Purple dye, glass, metals Phonetician alphabet (symbols represent sounds) |
|
|
Early India |
Concept of Zero
Early form of Hindu religion Caste system |
|
|
Early China |
Yangtze River Silk, millet, pottery Longshan black pottery |
|
|
Major Civilizations of Mesopotamia |
Sumerians Amorites Hittites Assyrians Chaldeans Persians Autocratic (One ruler) |
|
|
Sumer |
Dozen city states Leaders = high priests invention of writing, wheel First library Hanging Gardens of Babylon First written laws Epic of Gilgamesh (first epic story) |
|
|
Kushite Culture |
Largest empire on Nile Neolithic- settled villages Matrilineal descent of Kings Kandake (Kentake) - female head of state Polytheistic Mediterranean and negroid mixed peoples |
|
|
Norte Chico Civilization (Caral-Supe) |
Oldest known civilization in the Americas
Peru |
|
|
Anasazi (Ancient Pueblo) |
SW US Complex adobe dwellings |
|
|
Maya |
Southern Mexico Developed written language and complex calander |
|
|
Dorian invasion |
hypothetical theory explaning end of Mycenaean& growth of classical Greece |
|
|
Spartians |
Peloponneses oligarchic military state Farming NO TRADE |
|
|
Athenians |
Attica Democracy Theater, art, architecture, philosophy |
|
|
Peloponnesian War |
Athens VS Sparta |
|
|
Contributions of Ancient Greece |
Theater- Aristophanes Alphabet- From Phoenicians, developed into Roman alphabet Geometry- Pythagoras and Euclid. Archimedes discovered pi Historical writing- Herodotus and Thucydides Philosophy- Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle |
|
|
Alexander the Great |
Great conqueror Spread Greek culture east |
|
|
Hittite Empire |
Turkey/Palestine/Syria Concur Babylon- adopt culture |
|
|
Persian Wars |
499-448BCE Greeks V. Persians NOT the end of Persian Empire - discouraged attempts to invade Greece |
|
|
Battle of Marathon |
Outnumbered Greek forces gain victory (Persian Wars) |
|
|
Battle of Thermopylae |
Spartans held off Persians (Persian Wars) |
|
|
Battle of Plataea |
Greek victory (outnumbered Persians, Persian Wars) |
|
|
Maurya Empire |
Largest Indian Empire standardized economic system water works private corperations Trade- silk, exotic food, spices Buddhism & Janism |
|
|
Han Dynasty |
Great Wall Paper, paper $, printing, gunpowder, silk` |
|
|
Rome |
Etruscan roots Romulus and Remus Hellenization - spread of Roman culture Autocratic gov't |
|
|
Byzantine Empire |
Eastern portion of Roman Empire Constantine founds Constantinople (center of empire) Mesopotamia and Persian influence Code of Justinian - organized Roman law |
|
|
Nicene creed |
Addresses Christian Beliefs and asserts rejection of Trinity is blasphemy |
|
|
Islam |
Submission to God's will
By Mohammad's death in 632, most of Arabia is Muslim Mecca is holy city Koran, Qur'an- Mohammad's writings based on messages from angel Gabriel Unity in Arab world |
|
|
Fall of western Roman Empire |
Opposition from Germanic tribes Large empire = hard to manage Gov't less efficient |
