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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Form
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What happens one after another
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Repetition, Contrasts and Variation
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Repititon = same again
Contrast = different Variation = similar with some difference |
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Elements of form
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Theme
Sequence Motive Movement |
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THEME
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MAIN MELODY; MELODY THAT REOCCURS THROUGHOUT A SECTION, MOVEM,ENT, OR AN ENTIRE COMPOSITION.
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SEQUENCE
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SAME PATTERN REPEATED ON DIFFERENT SCALES
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MOTIVE
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a SHORT MELODIC PHRASE TAHT MAY BE EFFECTIVELY DEVELOPED
THE SMALLEST FRAGMENT OF A THEM TAHT FORMS A MELODIE/RHYTHMIC MOVEMENT |
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MOVEMENT
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A LARGE PART OF AN EVEN LARGER PART OF A COMPOSITION
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KINDS OF FORM
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BINARY FORM
TERNERY FORM RONDO FORM DONATA THEME AND VARIATIONS |
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BINARY FORM (AB)
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A FORM WITH TWO PARTS
A - VERSE B - CHORUS/REFRAIN |
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TERNERY FORM (ABA)
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A FORM WITH THREE PARTS
A VERSE B CHORUS A VERSE (EXAMPLE) TWINKLE TWINKLE TWINKLE |
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RONDO FORM
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THE RANDO THEME IS ALTERNATED WITH SOMETHING DIFFERENT
RONDO THEME A B A C A D A |
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TEMPO
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HOW FAST THE PIECE IS PLAYING
MARKINGS CHANGE IN TEMPO |
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MARKINGS
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LARGO - VERY SLOW
ADAGIO - SLOW ANDANTE - WLAKING SPEED ALLEGRO - HAPPY/MODERATLY FAST |
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CHANGE IN TEMPO
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ACCELLERADO - INCREASES GRADUALLY
RITARDANDO - DECREASE (GRADUALLY SLOW DOWN) A TEMPO - GO BACK TO ORIGINAL SPEED RALLENTANDO - SAME AS TWO GRADUALLY SLOW DOWN |
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DYNAMICS
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HOW LOUD OR SOFT THE MUSIC IS
MARKINGS - PIANO PIONISSIMO PIANO - SOFT (P, PP,PPP) P PIANO PP PIANISSIMO PPP MEDIUM SOFT FORTE: LOUD - INF MEDIUM |
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CHANGE IN DYNAMIC
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CRESSCENDO - GRADUALLY GET LOUDER
DECRESCENDO - GRADUALLY GET SOFTER SFORZANO - HIT IT |
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MELODY
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An arrangement of single tones in a meaningful sequence
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RANGE
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DISTANCE BETWEEN 1ST AND LAST NOTES OR THE LOUDNES OR SOFTNESS OF MUSIC
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PHRASE
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A small section of a composition comprising a musical thought. Comparable to a sentence in language
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CADENCE
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Closing of a phrase or section of music, COMPARABLE TO A COMMA
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RHYTHM
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ARRANGEMENT OF TIME IN MUSIC
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BEAT
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A REGULAR PHYSICAL MOVEMENT
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MEASURE
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DISTANCE BETWEEN EACH BAR
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METER
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GROUPING OR MEASURING OF BEATS, ORGANIZATION OF RHYTHM INTO STRONG AND WEEK PATTERNS
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ACCENT
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Stress of one tone over others, making it stand out; often it is the first beat of a measure
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SYNCOPATION
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a regularly accented beat is displaced onto an unaccented beat.
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HARMONY
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simultaneous sounding of two or more tones consonant with each other
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INTERVAL
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The distance between two tones
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SCALE
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A graduated series of tones arranged in a specified order
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OCTAVE
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Interval between two tones seven diatonic pitches apart; the lower note vibrates half as fast as the upper and sounds an octave lower.
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CHORD
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Simultaneous combination of three or more tones that constitute a single block of harmony.
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TONIC
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The first note of a scale (the tonic or keynote do), which serves as the home base around which the other pitches revolve and to which they ultimately gravitate.
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DIATONIC
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Melody or harmony built from the seven tones of a major or minor scale. A diatonic scale encompasses patterns of seven whole tones and semitones.
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CHROMATIC
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Melody or harmony built from many if not all twelve semitones of the octave. A chromatic scale consists of an ascending or descending sequence of semitones.
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DISSONANCE
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Combination of tones that sounds discordant and unstable, in need of resolution.
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polyphonic
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Two or more melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture
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COUNTERPOINT
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The compositional art of combining two or more simultaneous melodic lines (polyphonic texture); term means "point against point" or "note against note."
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IMITATION
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a melodic idea is presented in one voice (or part), then restated in another while the first voice continues with new material.
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HOMOPHONIC
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Texture with principal melody and accompanying harmony
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MONOPHONIC
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Single-line texture, or melody without accompaniment.
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INVERSION
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upside-down image of a melody or pattern, found in fugues and twelve-tone compositions.
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RETROGRADE
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Backward statement of melody
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AUGMENTATION
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Statement of a melody in longer note values, often twice as slow as the original.
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DIMINUITION
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shortening of note values; the opposite of augmentation
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variation
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The manipulation of a theme by the use of melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic changes.
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THEME
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Melodic idea used as a basic building block in the construction of a composition. Also subject.
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SEQUENCE
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Restatement of an idea or motive at a different pitch level
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MOTIVE
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Short melodic or rhythmic idea; the smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-harmonic-rhythmic unit.
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THEMATIC DEVELOPMENT
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Musical expansion of a theme by varying its melodic outline, harmony or rhythm.
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MOVEMENT
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Complete, self-contained part within a larger musical work.
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TEMPO
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Rate of speed or pace of music
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MARKINGS OF TEMPO
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common markings include: grave (solemn; very, very slow);
largo (broad; very slow); adagio (quite slow); andante (a walking pace); moderato (moderate); allegro (fast; cheerful); vivace (lively); presto (very fast); accelerando (getting faster); ritardando (getting slower); a tempo (in time; returning to the original pace). |
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ALLEGRO
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Fast, cheerful.
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DYNAMICS
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the degree of loudness or softness, or volume, of a sound.
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PITCH
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Highness or lowness of a tone, depending on the frequency (rate of vibration).
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TIMBRE
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The quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another. Also tone color
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SOPRANO
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Highest-ranged voice, normally possessed by women or boys.
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ALTO
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alto Lowest of the female voices.
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TENOR
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Male voice of high range. Also a part, often structural, in polyphony.
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BASS
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Male voice of low range
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TRILL
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Ornament consisting of the rapid alternation between one tone and the next above it.
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ARPEGGIO
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Broken chord in which the individual tones are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously.
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A CAPPELLA
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Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment.
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CHAMBER MUSIC
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Ensemble music for up to about ten players, with one player to a part.
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KEY
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Defines the relationship of tones with a common center or tonic. Also a lever
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MODULATE
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The process of changing from one key to another.
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DOMINANT
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The fifth scale step, sol
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SONATA
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Instrumental genre in several movements for soloist or small ensemble.
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EXPOSITION
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Opening section
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CODA
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The last part of a piece, usually added to a standard form to bring it to a close.
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RECAPITULATION
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Third section of sonata-allegro form, in which the thematic material of the exposition is restated, generally in the tonic. Also restatement.
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STRING INSTRUMENTS
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VIOLIN
VIOLA CELLO STRING BASS HARP |
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WODDWINDS
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FLUTE
PICCOLO CLAIRNET OBOE ENGLISH HORN BASSOON |
