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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the target of acquired (adaptive) immunity?
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Acquired (adaptive) immunity targets specific threats such as a specific pathogen, parasite, disease-causing compound, or toxin.
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What is immunological memory?
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Immunological memory is used to selectively recognize microbes attacking for a second time.
It is responsible for the long term protection that a prior infection or vaccination provides against many diseases. |
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How are self-reactive B- and T-cells eliminated from the body?
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apoptosis (self-destruction)
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What is the humoral immune response?
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The humoral immune response occurs in the blood and lymph. Antibodies help neutralize or eliminate toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph.
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What is the cell-mediated immune response?
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The cell-mediated immune response is specialized to destroy infected host cells.
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What activates the acquired immune system?
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Immunization (vaccination) activates the acquired immune system.
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What part of the acquired immune system manages problems in our cells?
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The cell-mediated immune response manages problems in our cells.
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What manages antigens outside of our cells?
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The humoral immune response manages antigens outside of our cells.
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How is immunological memory induced?
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Vaccination (immunization) induces immunological memory by producing memory B-cells and T-cells.
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Which components may be found in a vaccine?
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dead or weakened pathogen
one or more pathogens one or more of its toxins or pathogenicity factors one or more of its genes a harmless relative |
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What types of problems are regulated by the cell-mediated response?
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toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph
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What problems are regulated by the cell-mediated immune response?
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Cytotoxic T-cells induce apoptosis in virus-infected and cancerous cells.
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What regulates B-cell and cytotoxic T-cell activity?
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Cytokines secreted by activated helper T-cells regulate B-cell and cytotoxic T-cell activity.
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What is an antigen?
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An antigen is any substance that causes a response from a B cell or T cell to produce antibodies.
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What is an epitope?
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An epitope is the small part of the antigen that binds to an antibody, B-cell receptor, or T-cell receptor.
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What triggers adaptive (acquired) immunity?
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vaccines
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How do cytotoxic T-cells respond to problems within our cells?
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The cytotoxic T-cell secretes proteins that disrupt membrane integrity and trigger apoptosis.
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How do B-cells respond to problems outside of the cells?
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B-cells (humoral immune response) produce antibodies that bind to antigens, which mark pathogens in various ways for inactivation or destruction.
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