Test 4

Front 1

Questions that Determine if Behavior is Abnormal

Back 1

To what degree is the behavior maladaptive?

Is the behavior considered strange within the person's own culture?

Is the behavior unusual among people who are the same age?

Does the behavior cause personal distress?

Is the person a danger to self or others?

Is the person legally responsible for his or her acts?

Front 2

Prevalence

Back 2

26% or more than 44 million adults are diagnosed.

50% Americans will be diagnosed sometime in their live.

Most common ANXIETY

Front 3

Panic Disorder

Back 3

The person experiences recurring emotional episodes of impairment anxiety, fear, or terror. Can lead to agoraphobia.

Front 4

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Back 4

Disorder involving chronic, excessive worry for 6 months or more. The worry is either unforced or greatly exaggerated; difficult to control. Affects twice as many women than men.

Front 5

Social Phobia

Back 5

Fear and avoidance of any social or performance situation in which one might embarrass or humiliate oneself in front of others.

Front 6

Specific Phobia

Back 6

Fear of a specific object or situation, a general label for any phobia other than agoraphobia and social phobia.

4 types: Situational, natural, animal,and blood/injection.

Front 7

Obsession

Back 7

Persistent, involuntary thought, image, or impulse that causes great distress.

Front 8

Compulsion

Back 8

Persistent, irresistible, and irrational urge to perform an act or ritual repeatedly.

Front 9

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Back 9

Sufferers feel an overwhelming sadness, despair, and hopelessness and often lose their ability to experience pleasure.

Front 10

Prevalence of (MDD)

Back 10

One year after initial diagnosis, 40% are without symptoms.

40% still suffering from a disorder.

20% are still depressed, but not enough to warrant a diagnosis.

The risk is higher for females

Front 11

Bipolar Disorder

Back 11

Manic episodes alternate with periods of depression, usually with relatively normal periods in between.

Front 12

Psychosis

Back 12

A condition characterized by loss of contact with reality.

Front 13

Schizophrenia

Back 13

A severe psychological disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality, hallucination, delusions, inappropriate or flat affect, some disturbance in thinking, social withdrawal, and/or other bizarre behavior.

Front 14

Delusion

Back 14

A false belief, not generally shared by others in the culture.

Front 15

Dissociative Disorders

Back 15

Under unbearable stress, consciousness becomes dissociated from a person'd identity and/or memories of important personal events. Includes Dissociative Amnesia, Fugue, and Identity disorder.

Front 16

Personality Disorders

Back 16

Long-standing, inflexible, maladaptive pattern of behaving and relating to others. Usually begin early childhood or adolescence.

Front 17

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Back 17

Individual disregards rights and feelings of others; is manipulative, impulsive, selfish, aggressive, irresponsible, willing to break the law, cheat, without remorse.

Front 18

Insight Therapies

Back 18

(Psychotherapy)

Approaches to psychotherapy based on the notion that psychological well-being depends on self-understanding.

Psychological therapy>Biological therapy

Front 19

Psychodynamic Therapy

Back 19

Attempts to uncover repressed childhood experiences that are thought to cause the patient's current problems.

Front 20

Psychoanalysis

Back 20

(Freud)

|Free association|; patient reveals whatever they want; no holding back

|Dream analysis|

|Transference|; patient displays feelings toward analyst present in another significant relationship.

Front 21

Humanistic Therapy

Back 21

(Carl Rogers)

Assumes people have the ability and freedom to lead rational lives and choices.

Person-centered>Client or Patient

Front 22

Person-Centered Therapy

Back 22

(Humanistic)

Therapists show empathy and unconditional positive regard.

Person-centered>Client or Patient

Front 23

Relationship Therapies

Back 23

Family therapy

Couples therapy

Group Therapy

Front 24

Time out

Back 24

Extinction of undesirable behavior by terminating or withholding the reinforcement maintaining the behavior.

Tell your child know the rules first and then stick to your guns.

Front 25

Systematic Desensitization

Back 25

Used to treat phobias.

Client is trained to relax while being confronted with a graduated series of anxiety-producing.

Front 26

Flooding

Back 26

Used to treat phobias.

Exposing clients to the feared object or event for an extended period, until their anxiety decreases.

Front 27

Exposure and Response Prevention

Back 27

Used to treat OCD.

Exposes client to stimuli that trigger obsessions and compulsive rituals, while clients resist performing the compulsive rituals for progressively longer periods of time.

Front 28

Aversion Therapy

Back 28

Used to treat socially undesirable or harmful behaviors (alcoholism, nail biting, sexual deviance)

Behavior is paired with something painful/undesirable

Front 29

Participant Modeling

Back 29

(Bandura's principles of observational learning)

Used to treat phobias.

A model appropriate responses to a feared stimuli in graduated steps; client then imitates the model with encouragement of a therapist.

Most take 3 to 4 hours

Front 30

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Back 30

Assumes that maladaptive behavior results from irrational thoughts, beliefs, and ideas. The approach is effective for treating a wide variety of problems, including anxiety disorders. psychological drug dependence, and mood disorders.

Front 31

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Back 31

(Albert Ellis)

Directive form of therapy/therapist provides answers. The goal is to challenge and modify a client's irrational beliefs about the self and others.

Front 32

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

Back 32

(Aaron Beck)

Some misery endured by a person with depression and anxiety can be traced to automatic thought, or unreasonable but unquestioned that rule the person's life.

Front 33

Biomedical Therapy

Back 33

Based on the assumption that psychological disorders are symptoms of underlying physical problems, or chemical imbalances. Included Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Lithium (bipolar), Benzodiazapines (anxiety)

Front 34

Social Cognition

Back 34

Explains how the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others influences the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals.

Front 35

The Primacy Effect

Back 35

Impression of others is influenced more by the first info received about that person than by later info. Initial info acts as a framework through which later info is filtered.

Front 36

Attributions

Back 36

An assignment of a cause to explain one's own or another's behavior

Front 37

Dispositional Attribution

Back 37

Attributing a behavior to some internal cause, such as a personal trait, motive, or attitude; An internal attribution.

Front 38

The Actor-Observer Effect

Back 38

Attributing one's own behavior to situational factors and the behavior of others to dispositional factors.

Front 39

The Self-Serving Bias

Back 39

Attributing one's successes to dispositional causes and one's failure to situational causes.

(ABOUT YOU)

Front 40

Mere-Exposure Effect

Back 40

The tendency to feel more positively toward a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure to it.

Front 41

Factors of Attraction

Back 41

Proximity, Reciprocity, and the Mere-Exposure Effect; Tendency to feel more positively toward a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure to it.

Front 42

The Halo Effect

Back 42

The tendency to assume that a person has generally positive or negative traits as a result of observing one major positive of negative trait.

Front 43

The Matching Hypothesis

Back 43

Proposes that people choose mates who are similar to themselves in a physical attractiveness and other attributes.

Front 44

Essential Similarities

Back 44

Intelligence, values, intimacy, interests, expectations about roles

Front 45

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love

Back 45

3 components: passion, intimacy, commitment

7 different kinds:

Front 46

Conformity

Back 46

Changing or adopting a behavior or an attitude in an effort to be consistent with the social norms of a group or expectations of other people.

Front 47

The Foot-in-the-Door Technique

Back 47

Gain agreement to a small request first. Person is more likely to agree to a larger request later.

Front 48

The Door-in-the-Face Technique

Back 48

Making a large request knowing that the person will refuse. Person is most likely to comply with a smaller request later.

Front 49

Social Loafing

Back 49

The tendency to put forth less effort when working with others on a common task than when working alone.

Front 50

Groupthink

Back 50

Tendency for members of group to be more concerned with preserving group solidarity and uniformity than with objectively evaluating all alternatives in decision making.

Front 51

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 51

Awareness of inconsistencies between attitudes or between attitudes or between attitudes and behaviors.

Dissonance=uncomfortable

can be reduced by changing behavior, attitudes, explaining away the inconsistency.

Front 52

Bystander Effect

Back 52

As the number of bystander's at an emergency increases, the probability that a victim will receive help.

Front 53

Scapegoating

Back 53

Displacing aggression onto members of minority groups or other innocent targets mot responsible for the frustration situation.

Front 54

Discrimination

Back 54

(usually negative)

Behavior directed toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular.