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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Direction of Blood Flow |
1. Oxygen poor blood enters through superior/inferior vena cava 2. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium 3. Blood passes through tricuspid valve into right ventricle (S1) 4. Blood moves through pulmonary valve (high pressure) S2 5. Blood enters pulmonary trunk and arteries to lungs and gains oxygen 6. Blood enters pulmonary veins 7. Blood enters left atrium 8. Blood travels through mitral /bicuspid valve S1 9. Blood enters left ventricle through aortic valve (S2) and throughout body |
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The closing of a valve |
Systole |
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What valves close for S1 sounds? S2 sounds? |
S1 = Tricuspid and Mitral S2 = Pulmonic and Aortic |
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Ischemia |
Low Oxygen Can occur if pulse is constantly too high |
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Cardiac- Landmarks for palpating and auscultation |
All Patients Take Medications Aortic - 2nd ICS right of sternal border Pulmonic - 2nd ICS left of sternal border Tricuspid - 4th ICS left of sternal border Mitral - 5th ICS mid clavicular line |
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How to Document Smoking Hx |
# of years x #PPD = pack year burden |
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Most Breast Cancers Occur Where? |
The Tail of Spence (bellow armpit/axillary) |
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JVD |
Jugular Vein Distention Use Tangential lighting HF patients- fluid volume overload Look for palpating If calves uneven circumference DVT common in calves - if >65 years old and in hosp >6 days, 60% greater chance for DVT |
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Carotid Artery Auscultation |
Listen for Bruits with bell Bruit = whooshing suggesting arterial narrowing (plaque buildup) |
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Posterior Tibialis vs Dorsalis Pedis |
Posterior tibialis - begins medial malleolus, inside ankle Dorsalis pedis - top of foot |
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Accommodation |
Constrict and converge with close objects, dilate with far objects |
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Ocular Fundus |
Behind eye, internal surface of retina- see with otoscope |
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Eye tests and EOMI tests |
Snellen Eye Chart Near Vision (test close 14 in) Visual Field Test (peripherals) Extraocular muscle function tests: Corneal light reflex (dilation/retraction), Cover test, Diagonal Positions Test - 6 cardinal positions, letter H, cranial nerves 3,4,6 |
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Crepitus |
Air packing, feel for air under skin Common around chest tubes or trachs |
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Lymph Nodes: Preauricular, Posterior Auricular, Superficial cervical, Supraclavicular |
1. Preauricular - front of ears 2. Posterior Auricular- behind ears 3. Superficial cervical- down neck from ears 4. Supraclavicular- above clavicle Parallel system- can clean up debris |
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Bell vs Diaphragm |
Bell- low sounds, murmurs and extra beats, S3, S4 (do not apply firm pressure) Diaphragm- high sounds, listening to S1, S2 and regular HR |
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Katz Index |
Of independence in ADL Points 1-6, independent = 6, dependent = 0 1. Bathing 2. Dressing 3. Toileting 4. Transferring 5. Continence 6. Feeding |
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Functional Assessment Tool: PULSES |
Physical condition Upper limb function Lower limb function Sensory components Excretory functions Support functions |
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General Survey Objective |
What is normal or abnormal? Informing us what is sick or not sick |
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Pneumonia is Best Heard in Which Lobe? |
Most common on left lower lobe (Right middle lobe- suspicious of falling asleep drunk) |
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JVD |
Jugular Vein Distention Use Tangential lighting HF patients- fluid volume overload Look for palpating If calves uneven circumference DVT common in calves - if >65 years old and in hosp >6 days, 65% greater chance for DVT |
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Carotid Artery Auscultation |
Listen for Bruits with bell Bruit = whooshing suggesting arterial narrowing (plaque buildup) |
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Posterior Tibial vs Dorsalis Pedia |
Posterior tibialis - begins medial malleolus, inside ankle Dorsalis pedis - top of foot |
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Allen’s Test |
Occluding radial and ulnar arteries, release ulnar to watch refill - checks for contralateral circulation (good for arterial lime placement) |
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Breath Sounds: Crackles, Wheezes, Stridor |
Crackles/Rhoncci - fine/coarse, peas in a rattle Wheezes - asthma, narrowed airways, can be inspiratory/expiratory Stridor - audible wheeze w.o stethoscope Vesicular - normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields |
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Functional Assessment Tool: PULSES |
Physical condition Upper limb function Lower limb function Sensory components Excretory functions Support functions |
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Crepitus |
Air packing, feel for air under skin Commonnaround cheat tubes or trachs |
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Instrumental ADL |
Using phone, transportation, handling finances, shopping, meal prep, housekeeping/ laundry, taking medications |
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Cachexia |
Extreme Malnutrition (anorexia nervosa) |
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Tinnitus |
Ears ringing |
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Whisper, Weber, and Rinne Tests |
Hearing Tests Whisper- cover one ear and whisper behind patient Weber- tuning fork on top of head Rinne Test- tuning fork on mastoid bone, then air (air conduction > bone conduction) |
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When is best to do a self breast exam? |
4-7 days of menstral cycle (less hormones, easier to feel) Vertical strip method preferred |
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Percussion- bone, organ, lung |
Bone- flat Organ- dull Lung- resonance |
