Test 3 Histology Endocrine

Front 1

What are the two parts of the pituitary called? (2 names for each)

Back 1

1. Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)
2. Posterior Pituitary
(Neurohypophysis)

Front 2

Which part of the pituitary is embryologically an outgrowth of brain tissue?

Back 2

Posterior Pituitary

Front 3

What is the embryological origin of the anterior pituitary?

Back 3

Outfolding (Rathke's Pouch) from the ectoderm of the primitive oral cavity.

Front 4

What are the two nuclei in the Hypothalamus and where are their axons going?

Back 4

Supraoptic
Paraventricular
Axons go to posterior pituitary

Front 5

What is secreted by:
Supraoptic Nucleus
Paraventricular Nucleus

Back 5

Supraoptic- Vasopressin (ADH)
Paraventricular- Oxytocin

Front 6

What is a Herring Body and in what organ would you find this?

Back 6

Pituitary
This is a large blob of NT that is working its way down the axon from one of the Hypothalamic nuclei.

Front 7

What is the effect of Oxytocin?
What endocrine organ does it come from?

Back 7

Basically smooth muscle contraction of mammary glands and uterus.
Pituitary

Front 8

What is the effect of ADH (Vasopressin)?
What endocrine organ does it come from?

Back 8

Water reabsorption by kidney tubules.
Pituitary

Front 9

What arteries supply the pituitary gland?

Back 9

Superior and Inferior Hypophyseal Arteries (-> portal system)

Front 10

What are the 3 general groups of cells found in the anterior pituitary?

Back 10

1. Chromophobes
2. Acidophils
3. Basophils

Front 11

Chemotropes
Acidophils aka ____
1
2
Basophils aka ______
1
2
_____
1
_____
1

Back 11

Chemotropes
Acidophils aka Somatotropes
1. Growth Hormone
2. Prolactin
Basophils aka Gonadotropins
1. Follicle Stimulating
2. Lutenizing
Basophils aka Corticotropes
1. Corticotropins
Basophils aka Thyrotropes
1. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Front 12

What are the two somatotropes and what do they do?

Back 12

1. Growth Hormone- body wide growth
2. Prolactin- Mammary growth, lactation

Front 13

What are the three types of basophils?

Back 13

1. Gonadotropes
2. Corticotropes
3. Thyrotropes

Front 14

What are the two types of gonadotropes and what do they do?

Back 14

1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone-development of ovaries
2. Lutenizing Hormone- productino of testosterone

Front 15

What is the subtype of corticotropes released by the pituitary and what does it do?

Back 15

Corticotropin
causes release of glucocorticoids from adrenal gland to increase blood glucose.

Front 16

What does thyroid-stimulating hormone do?

Back 16

Stimulates production of thyroid hormone

Front 17

What is stored by the thyroid gland?

Back 17

Colloid
Inactive form of thyroid hormone that is stored until its needed.

Front 18

What type of cells surround the colloid in the thyroid gland? what do they do?

Back 18

C-cells
secrete calcitonin
decreases calcium in blood

Front 19

What are the 2 types of thyroid hormones and what is their basic function?

Back 19

T3 and T4
Overall increase metabolism

Front 20

What does hyperthyroidism look like histologically and why?

Back 20

Tons of C-cells with decrease in size of colloid pools because C-cells are taking it up and spitting it into blood at a much higher rate to cause a very high metabolism.

Front 21

What is Hashimoto's disease?

Back 21

Autoimmune attack on thyroid -> hypothyroidism

Front 22

What are the 2 main types of parathyroid cells?

Back 22

Chief cells
Oxyphil Cells (function unknown)

Front 23

What hormone is released by the parathyroid and what is its affect?
What cells release this?

Back 23

Parathyroid hormone
Increased blood calcium
Chief cells of parathyroid

Front 24

What two hormones control blood calcium levels and where do they come from?

Back 24

Calcitonin from thyroid
Parathyroid hormone from parathyroid
ANTAGONISTIC

Front 25

What is the affect of hyperparathyroidism on bone density?
Hypoparathyroidism?

Back 25

Hyperparathyroidism -> lots of parathyroid hormone which increases blood calcium and decreases bone density.
Hypoparathyroidism is opposite

Front 26

What are the parts of the suprarenal (adrenal) gland from outside in?

Back 26

Capsule
Cortex-
1. Zona glomerulosa
2. Zona Fasciculata
3. Zona Reticularis
Medulla

Front 27

What hormones are secreted by each level of the suprarenal gland and how do you remember this?

Back 27

SALT
SUGAR
SEX
Zona glomerulosa- mineralocorticoids
Zona fasciculata- glucocorticoids
Zona reticularis- Gonadocorticoids

Front 28

What is secreted by the medulla of the suprarenal gland?

Back 28

NE and EPI

Front 29

What type of cells are found in the suprarenal medulla and what do they do?

Back 29

1. Chromaffin cells- relase NE and EPI
2. Ganglion cells

Front 30

Pineal Gland has no ____.
Easy to identify because it has ____.
Function is ?

Back 30

Blood brain barrier
brain sand
Makes melatonin which regulates circadian rhythms.

Front 31

What are the 3 cell types of the islets of langerhans and what does it secrete?

Back 31

alpha- glucagon
beta- insulin
delta- somatostatin

Front 32

Where would you find enteroendocrine cells?

Back 32

Scattered all throughout the digestive system.