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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is produced by the follicles in the thyroid gland & how
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T3 & T4 produced when iodinated thyroglobulin is cleaved
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what is produced by the parafollicular cells
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calcitonin
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what chemical element is critical in the production of the major thyroid hormones
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iodine
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what is the target of the hormone produced by the parafollicular cells
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stimulates the storage of calcium ions in bone
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what is the physical relationship between parathyroid gland & the thyroid
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found on back of thyroid gland
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how many parathyroid glands normally
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4 but could have as many as 8
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how can one distinguish parathyroid gland from thyroid
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no follicles in parathyroid - parathyroid gland is characterized by densely packed cells
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what hormone is produced by parathyroid gland
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PTH
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what is the target of PTH
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bone → bone resorption → Ca2+ release
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difference between cortex & medulla of the adrenal gland
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cortex is outer region of adrenal gland - medulla is the center or inner region
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how many zones are present in the cortex of the adrenal gland
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3 - zona glomerulosa - zona fasciculata - zona reticularis
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3 cortical zones
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zona glomerulosa - zona fasciculata - zona reticularis
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zona glomerulosa hormone class
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mineralocorticoids
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zona glomerulosa specific hormone
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aldosterone
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zona fasciculata hormone class
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glucocorticoids
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zona fasciculata specific hormone
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cortisol
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zona reticularis hormone class
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gonadocorticoids
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zona reticularis specific hormone
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testosterone (mainly)
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what is the importance of the medulla
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secretes epinephrine & norepinephrine into the bloodstream in response to sympathetic stimulation
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what histological feature allows the medulla to do its work quickly & efficiently
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medulla has ACH receptors that cause the release of epinephrine & norepinephrine in response to the firing of a preganglionic sympathetic neuron
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why is the medulla often referred to as postganglionic sympathetic neuron
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medulla is innervated by preganglionic sympathetic neurons - contains ACH receptors that cause the release of epinephrine & norepinephrine just like the postganglionic sympathetic neurons
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how many cell types make up the islets of langerhans (pancreas)
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2
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2 cell types of islets of langerhans
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alpha cells - beta cells
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hormone produced by alpha cells
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glucagon
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hormone produced by beta cells
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insulin
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what is the major function of the islets of langerhans
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insulin & glucagon production in order to control blood sugar levels
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how can one distinguish between the anterior & posterior pituitary? Why?
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anterior pituitary contains dark-staining densely packed cells because hormone production is taking place - posterior pituitary is lightly colored with few cells, mostly neuron axons
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what hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary
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none - ADH & oxytocin are released but not produced here
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what are the chemical "signals" that cause the anterior pituitary to release its hormones
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releasing & inhibitory hormones
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in the anterior pituitary, where do the "signals" come from
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hypothalamus
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how do the "signals" get to the anterior pituitary
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hypophyseal portal system (network of capillary beds)
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