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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Synaptic communication |
Chemical - Neurotransmitter Pre and postsynaptic specializations Electrical - Gap junctions |
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Axiomatic synapse |
Axon to cell body |
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Axodendritic synapse |
Axon to dendrite or dendrite spine |
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Axoaxonic synapse |
axon to axon |
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Excitatory neuron |
increase probability that the motor neuron will fire |
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Inhibitory neuron |
decrease probability that the motor neuron wildfire an action potential |
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1000- 10000 |
connections to a motor neuron |
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Steps in synaptic communication |
action potential comes to invade a nerve tunnel opening calcium gates |
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Neurotransmitter examples |
Excitatory- acetylcholine, glutamine, serotonin Inhibitory- GABA, glycine Small peptides- substance P, VIP, CCK Gaseous transmitters- nitric oxide |
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Thickenings on slides |
define synapses for transmission for dendrites where vesicles are not present. Synaptic vesicles are axon to axon |
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striated outer lining on slides |
myelin sheath |
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Central nervous system - Cerebral cortex |
6 layers Distinguish between glial cells, neurons, blood vessels. |
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CNS- Cerebellar cortex |
Basket cells Dendrite of purkinje cell purkinje cell body Granule cells ( small neurons) axons |
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Granule cells |
small neurons |
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Supporting cells CNS |
Neuroglia: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia ( bone marrow ), enpendyml cells |
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Supporting cells PNS |
Schwann cells, satellite cells |
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Enpendyml cell |
line the brain ventricle junctional complexes that restrict movement of CSF between cells motile cilia that set up current in the spinal fluid that fills the ventricles |
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Astrocyte |
neurotransmitter uptake fibrous ( white matter ) and protoplasmic ( grey matter ) Astrocytic feet on capillaries influence blood- brain barrier Physically an metabolically support " neuropil" |
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microglial |
macrophages of the nervous system Phagocytose for a living migrate for immune surveillance |
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H&E stain section neuroglial |
small, dense nucleus, not much cytoplasm |
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protoplasmic astrocyte |
found in grey matter with all of the neurons |
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white matter |
lots of myelin where we find fibrous astrocytes |
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microglia |
smaller than astrocyte. small branches |
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oligodendrocytes |
produce and maintain myelin in CNS single cell can myelinated multiple axons myelinated with processes |
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schwann cells |
myelinated one segment per cell. Go to the axon and rotate around and lay down the myelin sheath with its cell body |
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spinal cord |
covered by the meninges- dura matter, arachnoid, pia matter posterior horn- receives info anterior horn - send info out , motor neurons ( biggest cell bodies) posterior root and anterior root combine to go out to foot. Dorsal root ganglian "butterfly " grey matter surrounding it is white matter |
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PNS terms and concepts: |
nerve( group of axons in the PNS ) vs. neuron(complete cell of the nervous system ) vs. tract.( group of axons within CNS nerve going into brain) Neuron cell body locations ( located in the spinal cord and in the dorsal root ganglia ) motor neuron cell bodies, axons sensory neuron cell bodies |
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epineurium outer layer , perineurium layer in between , endoneurium individual outer layer |
covering sheaths of nerves |
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Myelinated vs. Unmyelinated |
Schwann cells wraps around a neurolemmocyte. and conducts rapidly unmyelinated responds more slowly |
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PNS |
ganglion |
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CNS |
nucleus |
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Dorsal root ganglia |
along side the spinal cord contain primary sensory neurons satellite cells |
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gamma motor neurons |
send signals to the spindles to tell them to contract a little to stay in the range of sensitivity |
