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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Esstential Hypertension
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characterized by a chronic eleveation in blood pressure that occurs without evivdence of other disease
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Normal blood pressure
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Systole <120mm Hg
Diastole <80 mm Hg Check every 2 yrs |
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stage one hypertension
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systole > 149-159 mm Hg
Diastole > 90-99 mm Hg |
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Stage two hypertension
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systole -equal to or greater then 160 mm Hg
Diastole Equal to or greater then 100 mm Hg |
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Prehypertensive
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systole > 120-139 mm Hg
Diastole > 80-89 mm Hg Check annually |
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Constitutional Risk Factors for essential Hypertension
Life Style risk factors |
Genetics
Race Insulin resistance High Sodium intake Obesity Excess alcohol consumption Age-related changes in blood pressure |
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Organs most frequently affected by Hypertension
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Kidneys(MOST COMMON, Nephrosclerosis)
Retina Heart(Increased workload causes LVH) Brain Peripheral vascularity |
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Tx - Lifestyle modifications
Tx- Pharmacologic |
Weight reduction
regular physical exercise DASH eating plan Moderation of alcohol Consumption Based on: The stage and severity of the hypertension The presence of target organ disease The existence of other disease conditions and risk factors |
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Tx- Antihypertensives
Diuretics |
decreases vascular volume, reduces peripheral vascular resistance
Hydrochloric Thiazides Watch those with Orthostatic hypertension |
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B-adrenergic blockers
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Decreases HR and CO, decreases renin release
Monitor pulse & blood pressure, can cause severe rebound HTN if medication is stopped. |
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ACE inhibitors
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Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II - decreases angiotensin II serum levels and reduces its effect on vasoconstriction
NSAIDS may reduce drug effectiveness |
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Calcium channel blockers
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Reduces vascular smooth muscle tone in the venous and arterial systems
S&S nausea, headache, dizziness, peripheral edema |
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Secondary hypertension
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Renal
Adrenocortical Hormones Pheochromocytoma(tumor that secretes EPI and noraEPI) Coarctation of the Aorta Oral Contraceptive drugs |
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Malignant Hypertension
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Accelerated and potentially fatal form of HTN
Characterized by sudden sharp increase in B/P. Diastolic values > 120 mm Hg Papilledema complaints of headache, restlessness, confusion If left untreated, can cause coma |
