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44 Cards in this Set
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Articles of Confederation
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adopted by the Continental Congress much like before independence^ Congress remains central
power for wars and foreign affairs anything having to do with money
couldnt regulate trade draft troops or levy taxes
no executive branch "presiding officers of congress" each state had a single vote 9/13 states had to agree
small states wanted equal representation large states wanted it based on population
small states won western lands
New York and Virginia gave up lands to articles gov't.
lasted from 1781 to 1789
NO POWER FOR INTERSTATE RELATION
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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abondoned the ten districts established in 1784 created a single territory out of the lands north of the Ohio
divided into 3 to 5 territories 60,000 people for statehood freedom of reigion right to trial by jury to residents ofthe northwest prohibited slavery |
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Shays’ Rebellion
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Daniel Shay and Job Shattuck farmers had debt's that they wanted help from the federal government
paper money tax relief moratorium on debts abolition of debt prisons
concessions to aggrieved farmers
pardoned
tax relief debt postponment
***necessary for bringing about stronger central government |
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Constitutional Convention
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George Washington gave the convention credibility Shay's Rebellion marked the need for such a convention 55 men present all states but rhode island Piladelphia State House May/September 1787
this is where the term 'founding fathers' became famous later on.
average age 44
wealthy property owners
Washington presided simple majority strong centralized government? Virginia-James madison-"national government"-Exec/house/judiciary<===only brief debate
Madison's Virginia Plan- legislature in two houses. one by population, one voted.
New jersey Plan- all states have equal rep. Tax and regulate commerce.
**no one really confronted slavery Slaves part of pop. ? property?
july 2- "grand commitee"- "Great Compromise"
july 16, 1787 Representatives based on population. Senate got two reps a piece. |
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Roger Sherman |
signed all major documents of american history.
against paper money against slavery founding father
3/5ths compromise |
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William Patterson
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New Jersey Plan |
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EdmondRandolph
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legis/exec/judic system virginia plan
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Virginia Plan
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rep by population in the house and by vote in the senate.
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New Jersey Plan
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one house with equal representation
tax and regulate commerce |
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Connecticut Plan
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the great compromise |
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3/5ths Compromise
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roger sherman/james wilson
a third more representation for states with slaves.
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Constitution
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James Madison- virginia plan and drafted most of it himself. (sovereignty and limiting power?)
the federal and state gov't were subject to the will of the people.
concentrated authority- Baron de Montesquieu(avoid tyranny by keeping the centralized gov't close. checks and balances bicameral no rights for blacks/native americans |
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Checks and balances
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each branch of gov't checks each other |
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Executive |
three departments: state, treasury, and war. attorney general/postmaster general
Alex hammy: treasury Hen Knox as war general Edmond randolph- attorney general
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legislative |
bi cameral
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judicial |
barely covered in constitution |
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Bill of rights |
the first ten ammendments:
north carolina/rhode island join afterwards First Amendment - Freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly, and to petition the governmentSecond Amendment - Right for the people to keep and bear arms, as well as to maintain a militiaThird Amendment - Protection from quartering of troopsFourth Amendment - Protection from unreasonable search and seizureFifth Amendment - Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, private propertySixth Amendment - Trial by jury and other rights of the accusedSeventh Amendment - Civil trial by juryEighth Amendment - Prohibition of excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishmentNinth Amendment - Protection of rights not specifically enumerated in the Bill of RightsTenth Amendment - Powers of states and people |
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George Washington
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federalist views without a declared partisanship. strong national government that was above controversy. avoided personal influence in congress. Alexander Hamilton took charge.
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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lower district courts courts of appeal final say in constitutional laws
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Thomas Jefferson |
wrote most of the declaration of independence
favored sturdy/independent farmers localism limited central government. in favor of 'the enlightenment'
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Alexander Hamilton |
part of publius secretary of treasury federalist believed in a classist society government and the elite needed to be hand and hand with the governement group debt national bank: provide loans/currency to business, federal funds, private inverstors alcohol tax/import ax to cdollect money for the gov't
"report on manufacturers"
wealthy/enlightened class/commercial economy/manufacturing sector |
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James Madison
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convince virginia legislature to convene on interstate affairs Virginia Plan believed that stating a person's individual rights would ultimately limit those rights wrote most of the constitution helped resolve the question of: sovereignty and limiting power all gov't flowed from people favored a large republic checks and balances federalist/republican ran with jefferson
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Report on the Public Credit |
The First Report on the Public Credit was one of three major reports on fiscal and economic policy submitted by American Founding Father and first United States Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton on the request of Congress.[1] The report analyzed the financial standing of the United States of America and made recommendations to reorganize the national debt and to establish the public credit.[2] Commissioned by the House of Representatives on September 21, 1789, the Report was presented on January 9, 1790,[3] at the second session of the First US Congress.[4] The 40,000 word document [5] called for full federal payment at face value to holders of government securities (“Redemption”)[3] and the national government to assume funding of all state debt (“Assumption”)[3] The political stalemate[6] in Congress that ensued led to the Compromise of 1790, locating the permanent US capitol on the Potomac River ("Residency”). |
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Bank of the United States |
provide loans and currency and assume the national debt |
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Report on Manufactures |
as a means of creating wealthy, making provisions for manufactures in america. growth of industry and manufacturing sector |
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Strict Constructionism |
In the United States, strict constructionismrefers to a particular legal philosophy of judicial interpretation that limits or restricts judicial interpretation |
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loose constructionism |
an advocate of loose construction (as of a statute or constitution);specifically : one favoring a liberal construction of the Constitution of the U.S. to give broader powers to the federal government |
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Citizen Genet |
french, almost banished, tried to gain american support for the french revolution
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Whiskey Rebellion |
washington took 15,000 men to stop farmers in pennsylvania were upset about new whiskey tax
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Jay’s Treaty |
john jay-chief justice of the supreme court went to end attacks on harbors by british fleets settled the disbutes |
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Washington’s Farewell Address
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NEUTRALITY |
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John Adams |
george washington's vice president not apart of the federalist controversies appoint bipartisan commission to negotiate with france (XYZ affairs) he wanted to declare war wit hfrance after they said thye wouldnt help with the debt convinced congress to cut trade with france capture french ships Federalist |
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Alien and Sedition Acts |
made it hard to get citizenship/people could be held for being against the government
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XYZ Affair |
Comissioned by james madison french asked for a loan XYZ refers to the french ambassadors
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Quasi-War |
undeclared war with france due to french disrespect during a meeting |
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Kentucky Resolution |
The Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 argued that each individual state has the power to declare that federal laws are unconstitutional and void. The Kentucky Resolution of 1799 added that when the states determine that a law is unconstitutional, nullification by the states is the proper remedy. |
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Virginia Resolution |
The Virginia Resolutions of 1798 refer to "interposition" to express the idea that the states have a right to "interpose" to prevent harm caused by unconstitutional laws. The Virginia Resolutions contemplate joint action by the states. |
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Revolution of 1800 |
"the defeat of the Federalists" Jefferson won the election only branch that remain federalist was judicial branch |
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“Democratic Republic” |
A democratic republic is, strictly speaking, a country that is both a republic and a democracy. It is one where ultimate authority and power is derived from the citizens, and the government itself is run through elected officials. |
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Aaron Burr |
republican vice president.
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Barbary Pirates |
Until the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, British treaties with the North African states protected American ships from theBarbary corsairs. Morocco, which in 1777 was the first independent nation to publicly recognize the United States, in 1784 became the first Barbary power to seize an American vessel after the nation achieved independence. The Barbary threat led directly to the United States founding the United States Navy in March 1794. While the United States did secure peace treaties with the Barbary states, it was obliged to pay tribute for protection from attack. The burden was substantial: in 1800 payments in ransom and tribute to the Barbary states amounted to 20% of United States government's annual expenditures.[23] The United States conducted the First Barbary War in 1801 and the Second Barbary War in 1815 to gain more favorable peace terms; it ended the payment of tribute. But, Algiers broke the 1805 peace treaty after two years, and refused to implement the 1815 treaty until compelled to do so by Britain in 1816. |
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John Marshall |
chief justice of the supreme court |
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Marbury v. Madison |
clearly defined the role the judiciary branch had
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Louisiana Purchase |
special rights to french in the territory and inside new orleans harbor
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