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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physiology |
The study of how the body works for functions |
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Anatomy |
Process of cutting up for examining the structure of the body |
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Element |
a substance that cannot be split into simpler substances by normal means |
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Molecules |
substances compsed of more than one atom |
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Cells |
the smallest level of organization cosidered alive |
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Unicellular |
Organisms composed of only one cell |
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Multicelluar |
multicellular organism with different cell types carrying out different functions |
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Tissues |
layers or groups of cells of one type working together to serce a common function |
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4 Types of tissue |
1)Epithelium - Layer of tightly joined cells. Covers a surface or lines a lumen 2)Connective Tissue - Fewer cells and a matrix of fibers and ground substance 3 Muscle Tissue - electrically excitable, contractile tissue (cardiac, smooth, skeletal) 4)Nervous Tissue - electrically excitable tissue that conducts impulses |
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Organs |
groups of tissues working together to serve a common function |
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4 Characteristics of Living Things |
1) Metabolism 2)Responsiveness 3 Movement 4)Growth |
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Metabolism |
the sum of all chemical processes occuring in the body |
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Anabolic Reactions |
involved in the buildingup of large,complex organic molecules, using ATP |
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Catabolic Reactions |
the breakdown of large, complex organic molecules into simpler organic molecules, liberating heat or energy that can be used to build large molecules again |
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Responsiveness |
is the ability to detect and respond to internal and external stimuli (nerve cells, muscle cells. endocrine cells) |
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Hypertrophy |
a type of cell growth in which the growth of a single cell is through increased synthesis of cytoplasm (fat cells, muscle cells) |
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Hyperplasia |
a type of cell growth increase in the number of cells through cell division |
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Differentiation |
process whereby a cell changes from a unspecialized cell to a specialized cell with specific functions |
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Ectoderm |
outer cells of a blastocyst which eventually form epidermis of skin and nervous tissue |
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Mesoderm |
Middle cells of a blastocyst which eventually form muscle & connective tissue |
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Endoderm |
Inner cells of blastocyst which eventually form lining of digestive tract |
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Reproduction |
refers to the production of new individual vis sperm and eggs also refers to formation of new cells for growth, repair or replacement |
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Homeostasis |
the ability of the internal environment of the body remaining within certain physiological limits |
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Feedback system |
cycle of events which involve continuously monitoring a controlled condition of the body and reporting back to a central control region |
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Stimulus |
a stress that disrupts homestasis |
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Stress |
and stimulus which disturbs homeostasis by creating an imbalance in the internal environment |
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Negative feedback system |
if the effector produces a response that reverses the original stimulus |
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Positive Feedback System |
if the effector produces a response that enhances the original stimulus |
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Disorder |
an abnormality of function |
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Disease |
an illness characterized by specific signs and symptoms |
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Symptoms |
subjective changes in body function that are not observable |
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Signs |
are objective changes that can be observed and measured |
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Body fluids |
dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or outside of the cell |
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Intracellular Fluid (ICF) |
cytosol, is the fluid found inside cells and comprises 2/3 of the total fluid volume in the body |
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Extracellular Fluid (ECF) |
Fluid surrounding cells, makes up 1/3 of total fluid volume in body Plasma - ECF of blood Interstitial fluid - fluid in spaces between cells Lymph - found in lymphatic vessels, contains lipid & immune cells Others - CSF, Synovial fluid, serous fluid |
