Test 1 2.3 History Of Nursing

Front 1

General Theorists

Back 1

Florence Nightingale – germ theory, foundation of modern nursing, “Lady of the Lamp,” wrote Notes on Nursing, established St. Thomas School in London, England

Viginia Henderson – extension of Nightingale, developed 14 basic needs, considered foremost nurse of 20th century

Martha Rogers – known for energy fields, holistic care, science of unitary human beings – a person is more than the sum of their parts

Dorothy Orem – whole theory is self-care, nurses help pt return to being capable of caring for self

Front 2

System Theorists

Back 2

Sister Roy – adaptation model: pt will adapt to prevent illness. 3 types of stimuli: focal, contextual, residual. Prioritize care from survival of pt to transforming pt.

Imogene King – goal is to help individuals and groups attain, maintain, and restore health. Nursing acts through recognition of presenting conditions, motivated pt to exert control and achieve goals

Front 3

Interpersonal theorists

Back 3

Hildegard Peplau – focus is nurse/pt relationship. Can achieve health through interpersonal caring. If you’re alive, then you have health, then you have achieved it through interpersonal means. Four phases: orientation, identification, exploitation, resolution.

*Madeline Leininger – transcultural, saw culture and diversity as positive. Cultural care theory.

*Jean Watson – holistic view, transpersonal. Everything to do with caring. Ten carative factors.

Patricia Benner – holistic view, primary. How a nurse develops from novice to expert: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert.

Front 4

Dorothea Dix – 1860

Back 4

reform of care for mentally ill. Recruited over 2000 women to work in the civil war, founded US Sanitary Commission

Front 5

Clara Barton

Back 5

also Civil War era, founded American Red Cross

Front 6

Walt Whitman

Back 6

wrote The Wound Dresser based on his experiences in the war. Never made it to Battle Front (some goal he had – go to battle possibly? Or nursing school possibly. Dori to f/u.)

Front 7

Louisa May Alcott

Back 7

wrote Hospital Sketches.

Front 8

Jane Delano

Back 8

took over American Red Cross after Clara Barton. Focus was to establish nursing workforce. Trained 8000 nurses for WWI.

Front 9

Lillean Wald (1893)-

Back 9

opened Henry St. settlement in NY in poverty strickened area, directed visiting nurse service, created play grounds and green spaces, worked towards child labor laws, formed the foundation of US public services Saw need in the community for sanitation, inner city.

Front 10

Edith Carvell (WW1)-

Back 10

british nurse who ran a Belgium clinic, shot by Germans.

Front 11

Lavinia Dock- (1900-1920)-

Back 11

worked with Wald at Henry St., feminist and known as a Rabble Rouser (hell raiser), wrote one of the first nursing textbooks.

Front 12

Mary Breckenridge- (1920-1940)

Back 12

started Frontier nursing service arranged mountain nursing services, American college of mid-wifes

Front 13

Margret Sanger

Back 13

American birth control movement , contraception which led to planned parenthood, jailed several times

Front 14

Isabell Hampton Robb

Back 14

formed nursing alumni, and American Nursing Ass., formed national league of educators

Front 15

Elizabeth Norman- (1950-1960)

Back 15

wrote We band of Angels, responsible for govt. assisting in nursing education

Front 16

Midred Montag (1960-1970)-

Back 16

established the 2 year nursing degree