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205 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Title of Core 1 |
Operate Rice Land Preparation Machinery and Equipment |
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What is Land Preparation |
The process of cultivating the soil/land to achieve the good soil condition |
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2 types of tillage |
Primary tillage Secondary tillage |
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Crop Care |
An act or process of protecting the crops from Weeds, Water, Weather, Pest and diseases and Nutrient defficiency. |
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Tillage Patterns |
Circuitous Headland Continuous Round and Round One Way |
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Kinds of Hazards |
Biological Electrical Mechanical Chemical Ergonomical Physical Psychosocial |
BEMCEPP |
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How do you protect your crops from weeds? |
1. Know your field 2. Inspect your field 3. Apply herbicide at the right time 4. Apply right rate of herbicide 5. Control water 6. Read labels
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6 |
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Hazard |
Object that can cause severe effect (death or serious injury) |
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Risk |
Likelihood of an accident situation |
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CORE 6 |
Operate Rice Mill Machinery and Equipment |
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CORE 2 |
Operate Rice Crop Establishment Machinery and Equipment |
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When is the right time to apply fertilizer? |
1. With water 2. 3pm onwards |
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Difference of Primary and Secondary |
•Plowing for Primary •Harrowing for Secondary |
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Purpose of Primary Tillage |
To achieve the required soil depth of 10-15 cm |
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Core 5 |
Operate rice drying machinery and equipment |
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What is Crop Establishment? |
Crop Establishment is the process of growing different crops on the same ground to increase soil fertility. |
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Purpose of Secondary Tillage? |
To pulverize and level the soil |
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What is drying? |
process of reducing moisture content for safety storage and milling |
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What is milling? |
the process of transforming the paddy/grain for consumption |
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Required depth for plowing |
10-15cm |
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How many times do you have to inspect hybrid rice crop? |
Every other day |
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Objective of Tillage |
Survival, Growth , Uniformity |
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How many times do you have to inspect inbred rice crop? |
Twice a week |
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What element plays vital role in crop establishment? |
Soil |
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3 things to remember in drying |
No delay Incomplete Ineffective |
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What are the two main practice in seed establishment? |
Direct seeding Transplanting |
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3 components of Rice |
Hull bran embryo |
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Parts of Four-Wheel Tractor |
Bumper Hood/Bonet Headlight Wheels Fender Muffler Fuel Tank/Cap Side mirror Multifunction Switch. Steering wheel Ignition Switch Heater Horn Seat Light Switch (low&high) Clutch Pedal Brake Pedal Hand Throttle Foot Throttle Pedal. Implement 3 Point Hitch Latch Hydraulic Lever Shift Gear Lever |
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2 purpose of milling |
Removal of the hull/husk Removal of the bran |
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WWWPN |
Weeds, Water, Weather, Pest and Diseases, and Nutrient deficiency. |
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Techniques of tillage |
Conventional conservational zero-tillage |
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Technique of tillage that uses hand tractor, 4-wheel tractor and implements |
Conventional |
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Right rate of fertilizer when dry season? |
11 bags |
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Right rate of fertilizer when wet season? |
7 bags |
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3 objectives of milling |
1. removal of bran and hull 2. produce white edible rice kernel 3. produce high quality milled rice for commercial purposes |
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Effects on the paddy when dried after 12-24 hours (delayed drying) |
Discoloration Exposed to pests Fermentation/molds/damages Low germination |
4 |
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2 types of drying |
Traditional Mechanical |
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CORE 4 |
Operate Rice Harvesting and Treshing Machinery and Equipment |
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techniques of tillage which consider the economic and environment |
Conservational |
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What are the methods/technique used under Traditional drying? |
Sun drying Mat drying Pavement drying Field drying |
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What are the methods/technique under Mechanical drying? |
Heated air Air temperature Solar drying |
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How to control pest? |
1. Clean equipment 2. Synchronize farming 3. Do not over apply fertilizer 4. Encourage natural pest 5. Do not apply pesticide within 40 days. 6. Store grain properly |
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2 types of herbicide |
Selective and Non-selective |
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Harvesting |
Process of collecting/gathering mature grains from the field |
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Threshing |
Process of separating the grain from the rest of the crop |
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No tillage at all |
Zero tillage |
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Water stress is? |
Lack or excess of water |
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Diameter of hole used in zero tillage |
2-3 cm |
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What are the types of dryer under Heated air mechanical dryer? |
Batch type Re-circulating Continuous |
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2 Things to consider in Harvesting |
Minimize the loss or damage Maximize the yield |
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Quality of good seeds |
1. High germination (85%) 2. Not prone to insects and diseases 3. Good physical purity 4. Varietal purity 5. Marketable |
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What are the types of dryer under air temperature mechanical dryer? |
Grain cooler In-store |
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What are the three machines use in crop care? |
1. Sprayer 2. Water pump 3. Grass cutter |
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What is the type of dryer under Solar dryer? |
Solar bubble dryer |
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What will happen if the rice is harvested too early? |
Unfilled Low yield Low quality of grains Low germination Low recovery rate |
5 |
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What will happen if the rice is harvested too late? |
Loss of grains Loss of profit Lodging |
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2 properties of rice? |
Hygroscopic - foam like Abrasive - sandpaper like |
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Critical stages of irrigation? |
Tillering, Booting, Heading, Flowering, and Panicle initiation |
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Most critical stage in irrigation? |
Flowering |
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For manual transplanting, how many days old does the seedling ready to transplant? |
18-21 days |
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What are the guidelines for drying? |
1. Clean the grain 2. Dry within 12-24 hrs 3. Moisture content at 20-25% 4. Do not mix with other moisture content 5. Monitor Moisture Content 6. Good storage |
6 |
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What is the moisture content of grains for 2 weeks of storage? |
18% MC |
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What is the moisture content of grains for milling? |
14% MC |
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For mechanical transplanting, how many days does the seedlings ready to transplant? |
14-18 days |
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What is the moisture content of grains for 8-12 months of storage? |
13% MC |
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Capacity of knapsack sprayer? |
16 liters |
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What is the moisture content of grains for farmers seed (Banhi) or 6 months of storage? |
12% MC |
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What is the moisture content of grains for more than a year of storage? |
9% MC |
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Water pump? |
Is a machine use to draw / pump water from below to the ditches to the field. |
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Grass cutter? |
Is a machine use to cut / weed-out unwanted / misplaced plants. |
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What are the conditions for using a batch type dryer? Such as thickness, mixing time, and hours of drying. |
10 inches thickness Mix every 4 hours 12-18 hours operation |
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Sprayer? |
Is a machine use to apply chemical in the form of dropplets or mist. |
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Physical Characteristics of Grains |
1. Paddy - 100% 2. husk - 20% 3. brown rice - 80% •pericarp - 5-6% •aleorone - 1% •embryo - 3% •white rice - 70-72% |
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What are the conditions for using a sun drying method? Such as thickness, and mixing time. |
2-4 cm thickness Mix every 30 minutes |
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Types of water pump? |
Displacement water pump Centrifugal pump Booster pump Floating pump |
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Parts of Grains |
husk/hull pericarp embryo aleorone head/white rice/ kernel |
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Difference between Displacement water pump and Centrifugal pump? |
Displacement water pump is run by pressure. Centrifugal pump is run by speed. |
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What are the accessories used in drying? |
Moisture meter Thermometer Tachometer Velometer Hygrometer Manometer |
6 accessories |
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A pattern that uses moldboard plow or disc plow |
Circuitous pattern |
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What is PTO |
Power take off |
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Two types of centrifugal pump. |
Self priming and Non-self priming |
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Moisture meter is used for measuring? |
Moisture Content |
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Thermometer is used for measuring? |
Temperature |
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Tachometer is used for measuring? |
Revolutions per minute (RPM) |
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Velometer is used for measuring? |
Air pressure |
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Hygrometer is used for measuring? |
Water vapor |
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Manometer is used for measuring? |
Gas pressure |
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Dimension of Rice |
1. Extra long - 7.5 mm 2. Long - 6.5 -7.5mm 3. Medium - 5.5 -6.5mm 4. short - 5.5mm |
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What is the required air pressure when operating a batch type dryer? |
10,500 cubic feet per minute (cfm) |
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Degree of milling |
under milled regular milled well milled over milled |
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Main parts of Batch type dryer? |
Burner/furnace Blower Bin |
3 B's |
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3 milling systems |
1. single pass 2. double pass 3. multi pass |
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milling recovery of single pass |
53-55% |
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Double pass milling recovery |
60% |
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A technique use to control water or use water effectively? |
Alternate wetting and drying technique |
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Multipass milling recovery |
68-70% |
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What are the parts included on the batch type dryer burner? |
Hopper Step grate Ash cover Clean out port Precipitation chamber |
5 |
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Required RPM of miller |
1750 |
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How to apply herbicide? |
Slow and Low |
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What are the parts included on the batch type dryer Blower? |
Air duct Ducting assembly |
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How to apply pesticide? |
Relatively fast and high |
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What are the parts included on the batch type dryer's bin? |
Shed Concrete wall Plenum Grain spout |
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What is the required distance between the air duct and blower? |
2-3 inches |
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The pTO should always be ________ |
Guarded, Covered, Shielded |
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What is the required drying temperature for drying grains intended for milling? |
43-50 degree celcius |
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What is the required drying temperature for drying grains intended for farmers seed (Banhi)? |
Below 43 degree celscius |
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In drying 1,6,3 means? |
1- clean furnace after 1 use 6- clean plenum after 6 use 3- clean floor after 3 use |
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Things to consider in putting a seedbed |
1. Good Sunlight 2. Water availability 3. Well prepared soil 4. Protection from pests 5. Away from artificial lights |
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Dimension of the seedbed |
2m by 20m |
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Why do we need to elevate the seedbed by 3-5cm? |
Protection from flooding and from Golden Apple Snail |
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Number of Hours of soaking the seeds |
24-36 hours |
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Parts of multi-pass miller |
1. Pre-cleaning (destoner) - screen, blower 2. Dehusking/hulling - knife type, rubber roller/huller 3. Paddy separation - sifter/screen, aspiration 4. whitening/polishing - abrasive, friction 5. grading 6. mixing 7. mist polishing 8. weighing of rice |
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Example of Implements used in Primary Tillage? |
Moldboard plow Disc plough Rotavator Subsoiler Paddy puddler |
5 |
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3 requirements to produce good white rice |
1. quality of the seed 2. machine 3. operator's skill |
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Example of Secondary tillage machinery implement? |
Disc harrow Blade harrow Acme harrow Triangular harrow Spring tooth Spike tooth Rotary tiller Tine cultivator |
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The plowing start between the 1st edge and the side land |
Continous plowing |
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Parts of miller |
1. Loading Area 14. Exhaust pipe 2. Grain control lever 15. Engine 3. oscillating sieve 4. Blower/Exhaust 5. Flat pulley 6. Flat belt 7. Grain Conveyor 8. Hopper 9. Shutter 10. Dehusker/dehuller 11. adjuster rubber roller 12. polisher 13. Oscillating sieve |
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Pattern commonly used if the area has an obstacles |
Round and round |
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A pattern where Reversible plow or one way plow used |
One way |
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The plowing starts at the center |
Gathering |
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Similar to gathering pattern but requires plowing to begin at the edges |
Casting |
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What are the milling by-products? |
Rice husk/hull Rice bran Brewer's rice |
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Engine specs of miller |
4DR5 |
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Hp of miller |
80hp |
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# of sacks in "4" piston of miller |
10-12 sacks |
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# of sacks in "6" piston of miller |
18-20 sacks |
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2 types of engine |
Diesel Gasoline |
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7 core operators responsibility |
1. conduct a proper maintenance check 2. avoid hazardous situation 3. refuel safely 4. make a safety adjustment 5. conduct a pre operational check 6. use tractor as intended 7. start and stop safely |
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What is tillage? |
Mechanical manipulation of soil for good and favorable soil condition |
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Before operation you need to check the _______? |
PPE AREA SELF ENGINE
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Two things to consider in Harvesting |
Maximize the yield Minimize loses or damages |
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Actions of combine harvester |
Cutting Handling Stacking Threshing Cleaning Packing/Bagging Hauling Storage |
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How to identify if the grain is ready for harvest? |
Maturity Moisture content Variety depends on duration 28 to 35days from heading |
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Maturity percentage of manual harvest |
80-85% |
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Required maturity percentage for mechanical harvesting |
90-95% |
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Moisture content percentage for harvest |
20-25% |
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Tools used in manual harvesting |
Sickle Knife |
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Example of mechanical harvester |
Combine harvester Reaper Grass cutter |
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Example of manual threshing |
Pedal Threshing rack Trampling Flailing |
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Example of mechanical threshing |
Feed-in Hold-on |
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Threshing element |
Peg-teeth Wire loop Angle bar Rasp bar Hammer |
5 |
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Parts of Threshing |
Feeding tray Pulley Feeding port Belt Threshing drum Straw thrower Cylinder Peg-teeth Concave Rasp bar Blower Wind board Oscillating sievel screen Perforated screen Output chute (tailing) Output chute (grain) |
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Distance of peg-teeth and concave |
13-19mm |
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Cause of poor threshing |
Low cylinder speed Drive belt slipping Worn peg-tooth Hard threshing variety Defective engine |
5 |
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Possible solutions for poor threshing |
High engine speed Adjust belt tension Rotate or replace peg-tooth Use stripper bar Service or replace engine |
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Cause of too much broken straw on oscillating screen |
Over threshing High engine speed |
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Possible solutions for too much broken straw on oscillating screen |
Remove stripper bar Remove some peg-tooth Reduce engine speed |
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Cause of Grain bring down over the wind board |
Low wind board inclination Wide blower shutter High blower speed |
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Possible solutions for grain being blown over the wind board |
Increase wind board angle Reduce blow shutter opening Reduce engine speed |
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Cause of Threshing cylinder stops |
Overfeeding Loose of damage belts Loose or damage pulley |
3 |
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Possible solutions for threshing cylinder stops |
Open cover and rotate cylinder inreverse by hand and remove clogged materials
Check for damaged belts or idler defect. Change if necessary
Check drive and driven pulley for defects, loose or lost screw |
3 |
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Cause of abnormal metallic chattering sound |
Broken peg-tooth or loose straw thrower bolts |
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Possible solutions for abnormal metallic chattering sound |
Inspect cylinder and remove any obstruction found |
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Cause of machine stalls |
Threshing cylinder clogged with straw |
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Possible solutions for machine stalls |
•Remove clogged material, •Reduce feed rate especially when threshing wet paddy |
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Rpm required for combine harvester |
2400 rpm |
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Capacity of grains tanks of harvester |
3-4sacks |
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Harvester HP specs |
88/100 hp |
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Why harvesting is crucial? |
Dahil marami ang losses |
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Ilang hectare ang kaya e-harvest ng combine harvester in a day? |
3-4 ha/day |
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Parts of Harvester |
Cutter bar Sub-conveyor Reel Grain auger Cylinder Tailing auger Tines Fuel tank and cap Header auger Crawler Conveyor Ignition switch De stoner Off button Threshing section Throttle lever Cleaning section Park break Blower Threshing lever Top adjustable sieve/screen Blower lever Bottom sieve Steering stick Straw walker |
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Long duration of rice planting |
130-136 days |
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Medium duration of rice planting |
113-125 days |
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Short duration of rice planting |
110 below |
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incubation of seeds |
6-12 hours |
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What are the two ways that can be done in direct seeding? |
Wet direct seeding Dry direct seeding |
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What are the techniques used in wet direct seeding? |
Broadcasting Drum seeding |
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What are the techniques used in dry direct seeding? |
Broadcasting Drilling Dibbling |
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What technique in dry direct seeding is usually practiced along mountain slopes or where plowing and harrowing are difficult. |
Dibbling |
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What are the two methods of transplanting? |
Manual Mechanical |
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Two methods in manual transplanting |
Random method Straight row method |
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Types of transplanters that can be used in mechanical transplanting |
•2 rows or 4 rows walk behind transplanter •Ride on |
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In 1 ha, how many person are needed in manual transplanting |
30 person |
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How many hectares can be done in 1 day in mechanical transplanting? |
1.5 -2 ha |
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What are the important parts of transplanter? |
Planting arm and planting claw |
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Obstacles should be __________ |
Clearing Cleaning Collecting |
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What are the things to remember when operating a machine? |
Abnormal sound Abnormal smell Abnormal vibration |
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Aside from soil testing to determine the nutrient in the soil needed of the rice plant, what other options or technique can be use to determine the nutrient needed of the rice plant? |
LCC - Leaf Color Chart MOET - Minus One Element Technique NOPT - Nutrient Omission Plot Test RCM - Rice Crop Manager |
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After harvesting how many days do you have to let the soil sit or rest before planting again? |
Atleast 30 days |
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Water management techniques |
Continous Irrigation Intermitent Irrigation Continous Flow Rotational Irrigation |
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During dry season, what is the recomended moisture content to harvest rice plant? |
18-21% |
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During wet season, what is the recomended moisture content to harvest rice plant? |
20-25% |
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If the rice grain is to be use as a farmers seed, what is the recomended percentage of maturity to harvest? |
95-100% |
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A tool that can be use to measure or observe the level of water and serve as a warning when to irrigate? |
Observation well |
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What is the cause if the control power is lost? |
The control system power fuse or breaker has been cut off. |
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What is the solution if the control power is lost? |
Replace the power fuse or set the breaker to ON |
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What is the required kilogram of hybrid seeds required in 1 hectare? |
18-25 kg |
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What is the required kilogram of inbred seeds for 1 hectare? |
Dry soil/season- 40 kg Wet soil/season - 60-80 kg |
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In milling, what is the cause and solution if substantial broken paddy exist? |
Cause: The rubber roll gap is too narrow Solution: Adjust the gap to meet the paddy variety (about 0.5-0.8mm)
Cause: The paddy is too dry Solution: spread the paddy out in the shade & leave it until its moisture rises to 14%
Cause: the paddy is too moist Solution: sun dry the paddy until its moisture declines to 14%
Cause: the rubber roller has been worn out solution: replace the rubber roll with a new one |
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Guidelines for good milling |
-Mill at the right moisture content -Pre-clean paddy before husking -Do not mix varieties prior to milling When using milling technology: -Use rubber roll technology for husking -Use paddy separator -consider two-stage whitening -Grade the milled rice -monitor and replace spare parts regularly |
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What is RMO? |
Rice Machinery Operations |
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measurement of alkalinity and acidity? |
pH |
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Quality problems in milling |
1. Undermilled 2. broken grain 3. discoloration 4. chalkiness 5. damage kernels 6. impurities |
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Composition/components of soil |
50% garden soil 30% organic 20 % carbonized rice hull |
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What is the important element in Core 1 |
Water |
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What is the cause and solution if the paddy is not milled? |
Cause: the rubber roll is worn out Solution: replace with a new one
Cause: the milling roll rotation frequently is too low Solution: Make adjustment for proper regular rotation frequency |
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What is the cause and solution if the bran is not adequately removed? |
Cause: the metal mesh is clogged Solution: Take off the metal mesh and clean it with a brush
Cause: The blowing volume is not high enough Solution: stretch the blowing fan belt properly and clean the fan and airway |
2 |
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Ano possible na mangyayari sa palay kapag dae na dry with in 24 hours |
Discoloration Expose in pest Molds Low germination |
4 |
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What part of the seeder is the seed dispencer? |
Seed paddy guide |
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This is the part of the seeder that controls the quantity of the seeds |
Adjusting dial |
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2 parts of the reaper that is responsible for carrying the cut crops on to one side? |
Star wheel Conveyor |
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Height of rice crop? |
Longest= 1.4 meters Shortest= 0.90 meter |
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Height of "dagami/dayami" left on the ground when harvesting? |
25 inches |
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Required seedling tray in 1 ha |
250-300 seedling tray |
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Composition of the soil |
50% garden soil 30% organic matter 20% CRH (Carbonized Rice Hull) |
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