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101 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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CORE 1 |
Operate Rice Land Preparation Machinery and Equipment |
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CORE 2 |
Operate of Rice Crop Establishment Machinery and Equipment |
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CORE 3 |
Operate Rice Crop Care Machinery and Equipment |
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CORE 4 |
Operate Rice Harvesting and Threshing Machinery and Equipment |
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CORE 5 |
Operate Rice Drying Machinery and Equipment |
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CORE 6 |
Operate Rice Mill Machinery and Equipment |
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what is Milling |
the process of transforming the paddy/grain for human consumption. |
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3 components of paddy |
Hull Bran Embryo |
Milling |
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2 purpose of Milling |
Removal of husk/hull Removal of the bran |
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3 objectives of milling |
Removal of bran and hull Produce white edible rice kernel Produce high quality milled rice for commercial purposes |
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Physical Characteristics of Rice |
Paddy - 100% husk - 20% brown rice - 80% pericarp - 5-6% aleorone - 1% embryo - 3% white rice - 70-72% |
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Parts of paddy Grain |
Pericarp Embryo Aleorone Husk/hull Head/white rice/Kernel |
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Dimension of Rice |
1. Extra long - 7.5 mm 2. Long - 6.5-7.5mm 3. Medium - 5.5-6.5mm 4. Short - 5.5 below |
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Degree of Milling |
* under milled * regular milled * well milled * over milled |
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3 milling systems |
Single pass - 53-55% recovery Double pass - 60% recovery Multi-pass - 68-70 % recovery |
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Required rpm of miller |
1750 |
big machine |
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Parts of multipass miller |
1. Pre-cleaning (destoner) - screen, blower 2. De-husking/hulling - knife type, rubber-roller/huller 3. Paddy separation - sifter/screen, aspiration 4. whitening/polishing - abrasive, friction 5. grading - 75% ang putol 6. mixing - binabalik 7. mist polishing 8. weighing of rice |
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3 requirements to produce good white rice |
1. quality of the seed/variety 2. machine 3. operator's skill |
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Parts of miller |
1. Loading Area 2. Grain control lever 3. oscillating sieve 4. Blower/exhaust - exhaust fan for large impurities 5. flat belt 6. flat pulley 7. conveyor/grain conveyor - bucket conveyor type 8. hopper 9.shutter 10. de-husker/de-huller (rubber-roll) 11. adjuster rubber roll (0.5-0.8mm) 12. polisher 13. oscillating sieve 14. exhaust pipe 15. engine |
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Engine Spec of miller |
4DR5 |
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hp of miller |
80hp |
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"4" |
10-12sacks |
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"6" |
18-20 sacks |
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Control power is lost |
C - the control system power use or breaker has been cut off S - Replace the power fuse or set the breaker to ON |
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Substantial broken paddy exist |
C - the rubber roll gap is too narrow S - adjust the gap |
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Land Preparation |
the process of cultivating the land/soil to achieve the good soil condition |
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Types of tillage |
Primary tillage Secondary tillage |
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primary tillage |
plow/plough - araro |
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Secondary tillage |
horrow - surod |
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objectives of primary tillage |
to achieve the required depth - 10-15cm |
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objectives of secondary tillage |
pulverize leveling |
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Objectives of tillage |
survival growth uniformity |
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tillage techniques |
conventional - hand tractor, 4-wheel tractor conservational- economical, environmental zero tillage - 2-3 cm diameter of holes |
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Hazard control/management |
substitution engineering administration |
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In land preparation, water must be: |
accessible available affordable |
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Obstructions should be: |
clearing cleaning collecting |
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Tillage patterns |
1. circuitous - cycle; circle; spiral 2. headland - sa mga gilid = casting - opposite of gathering; one way - one direction; gathering - sa tahaw 3. continous 4. round and round 5. one way
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Kinds of hazard |
1. mechanical 2. biological 3. chemical 4. physical 5. electrical 6. psychosocial 7. ergonomical |
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What is hazard? |
An object that cause adverse effect ( death or serious injury) |
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what is risk |
likelihood of an accident situation |
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what is exposure? |
Contact |
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Distance of audience from machine |
3-5m |
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Power Take Off (PTO) |
cover guard shield |
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Diesel |
Air |
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Gasoline |
Heat |
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Model of tractor |
Mitsubishi MT1600D |
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Hp of tractor |
16hp |
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Parts of tractor |
1. Bumper 2. Bonet/Hood 3. Headlight 4. multifunction switch 5. lightswitch - high, low 6. horn 7. heater 8. cluch pedal 9. break pedal 10. hand throttle 11. foot throttle 12. shift gear lever 13. fender 14. hydraulics lever 15. latch 16. wheels (rear & front) 17. PTO 18. implement 19. 3 point hitch 20. seat 21. steering wheel |
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PASE |
PPE Area Self Engine |
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What is crop establishment? |
a system of growing the different crops on the same ground to increase soil fertility |
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Ideal pH level |
5.5-7 (neutral) |
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Conditions to consider for seedbed |
1. good sunlight 2. water availability 3. well prepared soil 4. away fr. lights 5. protection fr. pest |
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Hybrid |
18-25 kgs |
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Inbred |
40 kgs |
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elevation of seedbed |
3cm |
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why should be elevated the seedbed? |
protection from flooding and golden apple snail (GAS) |
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Good seed quality |
1. high germination - 85% germination rate 2. not prone to insects/disease - green leafhopper (GLH) 3. good physical purity 4. varietal purity 5. marketable |
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Ilang oras tigsosoak ang seed? |
24-36hrs |
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ilang oras ini-incubate and seeds? |
6-12hrs |
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2 main practice of seed establishment |
1. Direct 2. Transplant |
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type of Direct seeding: |
Dry wet |
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Dry: method? |
broadcasting dibbling drilling |
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Wet: method? |
broadcasting drum seeder |
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type of transplanting: |
Manual Mechanical |
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2 method of manual transplanting |
random method straight row method |
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what is random method? |
without definite distance |
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straight row method means: |
follow uniform spacing |
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types of transplanter |
walk behind ride-on type |
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how many days does the seedling is ready for transplanting? |
15-21 days |
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grams per plate of seeder |
160g/plate |
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Parts of seeder |
1. Carrying handle 2. handle bar 3. hopper 4. axles 5. brush 6. seed paddy guide 7. shutter lever 8. wheels 9. roller guide 10. guide collar 11. smoothing plate |
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Parts of transplanter |
1. bumper 2. headlight 3. muffler 4. bonet 5. fuel tank and cap 6. center floater 7. side floaters 8. center guide 9. side guides 10. wheels 11. seedling platform 12. seedling platform extension 13. spare seedling tray 14. seedling stay 15. recoil starter 16. taking quantity 17. planting depth 18. planting arms 19. planting claws 20. handle 21. main clutch 22. throttle 23. choke 24. main switch - on, off, lights 25. sliding plate 26. sliding plate guard 27. planting clutch - planting, down, up, lock 28. shift - on the road, on the field, neutral, reverse 29. feeder 30. leveling forks |
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Crop Care machineries |
Sprayer Water pump Grasscutter |
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What is crop care? |
the process of protecting the crops from weather, weeds, water, pest and nutrients deficiency. |
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What are weed controls? |
1. Know your field - mapping 2. Inspect your field 3. apply herbicide at the right time 4. right rate - 11 bags/ha - dry season; 7 bags per ha - wet season 5. Control water 6. Read label |
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Pest control |
1. practice good cleaning equipment 2. syncronize farming 3. do not over apply fertilizer 4. encourage natural pest 5. Do not apply pesticide w/in 40 days after transplant 6. properly store grain |
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Water management critical stages |
1. tillering 2. booting 3. heading 4. flowering - most critical 5. panicle initiation |
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water stress means? |
lack or excess of water |
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Water management technique |
1. Continuous irrigation - weed control 2. Intermittent irrigation - economic 3. Continuous flowing 4. Rotational Irrigation |
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Weather |
Timing/ Timeliness |
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Nutrient Deficiency |
Element Amount Timing |
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Parts of paddy grain |
1. roots 2. nodes 3. culm 4. leaves 5. panicle/flower 6. flagleaf |
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3 phase of paddy grain |
1. vegetative 2. reproductive 3. maturity/ripening |
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Solutions to pest |
Biological Cultural Chemical |
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What is Sprayer? |
A machine that used to apply chemicals in the formed of droplets and mist |
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Sizes of knapsack sprayer |
high volume - 400L up low volume - 5L - 400L Ultra-low volume - 5L below |
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Capacity of (knapsack) sprayer |
16L (50-100 chemicals) |
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Parts of Sprayer |
1. Chemical tank 2. air chamber 3. agitator 4. valve 5. chemical tank cap 6. strainer 7. handle/pump 8. delivery hose 9. gauge 10. regulator 11. suction 12. nozzle - hollow cone, solid cone, flat 13. strap/sling 14. battery |
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What is water pump? |
A machine that used to draw/pump the water fr. below to the ditches and to the field |
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Parts of water pump |
1. stuffing box - prevent leakage 2. packing - prevent leakage of air & water? 3. Shaft - delivers energy fr. water to pump 4. Shaft sleeve - protect shaft fr. wall to prevent wearing 5. vane - seal 6. casing - to create pressure - constrict fluids 7. eye of impeller- proffels water upward 8. impeller - create pressure 9. discharge nozzle - diffuser 10. volute - converts velocity to pressure |
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4 types of water pump |
1. displacement - pressure 2. centrifugal - speed - the faster the impeller the more pressure 3. booster pump - end suction 4. floating pump - submersible |
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What is grasscutter? |
A machine that used to cut/weed-out unwanted/misplaced plants |
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Parts of grasscutter |
1. Engine - recoil starter, muffler, on/off fuel, gas tank & cap, choke, carborator 2. shaft 3. sling/strap 4. main switch(on/off) 5. cow horn handle 6. head 7. spool 8. blade/ tine 9. guard 10. throttle/lock 11. spark plug |
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hp of harvester |
88hp |
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what is harvesting? |
the process of collecting/gathering of mature grains from the field. |
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Why harvesting is crucial? |
because it has more losses |
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What is threshing? |
the process of separating the grain fr. the rest of the crop |
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Actions of combine harvesting |
1. cutting 2. handling 3. stacking 4. threshing 5. cleaning 6. packing/bagging 7. hauling 8. storage |
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2 things to consider in harvesting |
1. maximize the yield 2. minimize losses or damages |
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How to maximize the yield and minimize the losses or damages? |
1. Maturity - manual (80-85%) - 1ha/ 5-10 pax; mechanical ( 90-95%) 2. moisture content (20-25%) 3. variety - depends on duration 4. 28-35 days fr. heading - long duration - 130-136 days; medium duration-113-125 days; short duration-110 below |
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what is the important in harvesting? |
Time |
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