Terrestial Ecosystems

Front 1

Tundra

Back 1

A treeless region with harsh winters, it has a low species richness and heavy permafrost.

Front 2

Boreal forests

Back 2

A coniferous tree region, it is 11% of Earths regions and has poor soil/vegetation

Front 3

Temperate rainforests

Back 3

A coniferous tree region with cooler climates, it has good biodiversity and species richness.

Front 4

Temperate deciduous forests

Back 4

It has lots of precipitation, rich soil and lots of biodiversity

Front 5

Grasslands

Back 5

Low precipitation region, it has mostly grass species and rich soil

Front 6

Chaparral

Back 6

It has moderate rainfall, poor soil and is closely compared to the desert biome.

Front 7

Deserts

Back 7

Has no rainfall, hot climates with smaller animals inhabiting it.

Front 8

Savanna

Back 8

A tropical grassland region, it has poor soil with hoofed/predatory animals

Front 9

Tropical rainforest

Back 9

A moist region, it has good vegetation/biodiversity with a 3 later canopy.

Front 10

Canadian biomes are...

Back 10

Tundra(NWT, Buffin island, etc)

Boreal forests(Canadian shield + majority of Canada)

Grasslands(Alberta sands + Saskatchewan)

Front 11

Ecoregions are...

Back 11

Mini biomes. Canada has 15 of them total that are dependent on microclimate, landforms and species richness

Front 12

Order of largest to smallest of eco land ID’s is

Back 12

Ecozone, Ecoregion, Ecodistrict, Ecosection and Ecosite

Front 13

Gaps

Back 13

Areas of vegetation decay/death

Front 14

Fires

Back 14

Blazes started ether naturally or artificially

Front 15

Winds

Back 15

Includes tornados, cyclones, typhoons and hurricanes

Front 16

Water

Back 16

Includes flooding and erosion

Front 17

Landmass

Back 17

Includes earthquakes and volcanos

Front 18

Animals/pathogens are ether

Back 18

Invasive or harmful to the ecosystem

Front 19

Humans are bad because of..

Back 19

Strip mining, deforestation, pollution, etc

Front 20

Succession is ether

Back 20

Primary(vegetation in areas of no previous growth)

Secondary(vegetation in areas with precious growth)

Front 21

Succession theory

Back 21

Succession begins right after disturbances, which range in scale depending on timing, size, frequency and intensity.

Front 22

Ont. boreal forests

Back 22

Named after the Greek god boreas, this region can be found in Canada, Russia, Alaska and Scandinavia. 80% of Canada’s is still intact, while the rest has been destroyed/damaged due to deforestation. In Ontario, it is 213 million acres with 80 aboriginal communities, 200 sensitive species, 4 billion $ in Rec. revenue and creates 7000 forestry related occupations.

Front 23

Ont. southern forests

Back 23

Consisting of two ecoregions called the Great Lakes region and the St. Lawrence region, they occupy 20% of Ont. forests. It has a vast biodiversity and is full of eco tones, which are lines of two different ecosystems adjacent to one another.

Front 24

Forest canopy levels

Back 24

Super canopy

Canopy

Understory

Shrub line

Herb layer

Front 25

Super canopy

Back 25

Tallest, with white pines and other massive trees

Front 26

Canopy

Back 26

This layer includes sugar maple, red maple, American beech and red/white oak.

Front 27

Understory

Back 27

Includes hemlocks, young canopy trees, ironwoods, yellow birches.

Front 28

Shrub line

Back 28

Includes dogwoods, blue beech and mountain maples

Front 29

Herb layer

Back 29

Includes flowers, grasses and branch debris, this is the smallest layer of the canopy