Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is philosophy? |
Study of questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, justice, and morality based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods. |
|
|
What is capitalism? |
An economic system in which production and distribution of goods rely on private capital and investment. |
|
|
What does "Utopian" mean? |
An idealized place or system, and ideally perfect society; individual or approach aspiring to impractical perfection. |
|
|
What is political realism? |
Approach to politics that emphasizes power and interests over ideas or social constructions. |
|
|
What is social constructivism? |
Sociological and political meta-theory that explains the interactions between individual agents, their social groupings, and their environment. |
|
|
What is ideology? |
Set or system of ideas that form the basis of a political or economic system and provide guidance and direction for political leadership. |
|
|
What was the Cold War? |
Period of rhetorical, non-violent hostility; most often used as reference to the period of 1945-91 and the relationship between the US and the USSR. |
|
|
What is liberalism? |
View of politics that favours liberty, free trade, and moderate social and political change. |
|
|
What is self-determination? |
The ability to act in free choice without external compulsion. |
|
|
What is general will? |
Will of the community as a whole. |
|
|
What is particular will? |
Will of the individual, as defined by Rousseau. |
|
|
What is the invisible hand? |
Adam Smith's notion that economic forces left on their own would lead to maximum efficiency and economic growth over time as they engage in competition against each other; benefits to society as a whole exist without political interference. |
|
|
What is utilitarianism? |
A branch of political thought that states that the worth of a particular action is determined by its contribution to overall utility, meaning the balance of happiness and unhappiness in society. |
|
|
What is toleration? |
Acceptance or protection of individuals, groups, and types of behaviour that may be disapproved of by the majority in society. |
|
|
What is communism? |
Political theory, based on writings of Marx and Engels, that espouses class conflict to form a system where all property is publicly owned and each citizen works to their own best ability and is compensated equitably. |
|
|
What does materialist mean? |
In Marxism, understanding the physical and economic basis for society. |
|
|
What is dialectics? |
In Marxism, points where ideas and processes throughout history come up against each other and form a new reality. |
|
|
What does bourgeois mean? |
According to socialists such as Marx, the property-owning class that exploits the working class proletariat. |
|
|
What is a representative democracy? |
A political system in which voters elect others to act on their behalf; also called indirect democracy. |
|
|
What is republicanism? |
A political idea that gives supreme power to the people or elected representatives of the people. |
|
|
What is suffrage? |
The granting of the right to vote. |
|
|
What is sustainable development? |
A model of economic growth that seeks to use renewable resources so as not to destroy the environment in which human beings have to live. |
|
|
What is propaganda? |
Spreading of information, true or otherwise, for the purpose of aiding a cause or making an audience react in a certain way. |
|
|
What is libertarianism? |
Ideology based on a limited government role and freedom of speech, action, and thought. |
|
|
What is a caliphate? |
A government inspired by Islam that rules over its subjects using Islamic law. |
|
|
What is sharia law? |
The sacred law of Islam. |
|
|
What is Islamic fundamentalism? |
Religious movements advocating a return to the fundamentals of Islamic religious texts. |
|
|
What is jihad? |
Moral struggle or struggle for righteousness; form of holy war. |
|
|
What is Confucianism? |
The philosophy and political thought of Confucius that stresses social harmony, obedience, and morality. |
