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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Power |
The ability to achieve an objective by influencing the behaviour of others, particularly to get them to do what they would not have otherwise done. |
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Authority |
The right to exercise power that is accepted by those being governed as legitimate. |
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Common Good |
What is good for the entire political community. |
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State |
An independent, self-governing political community whose governing institutions have the capability to make rules that are binding on the population residing within a particular territory. |
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Government |
The set of institutions that makes decisions and oversees their implementation on behalf of the state for a particular period of time. |
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Nation-State |
A sovereign state based on people living in a country who share a sense of common identity as members of a particular nation. |
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Nation |
A group of people who share a sense of common identity and who typically believe they should be self-governing within their homeland. |
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Nationalism |
The idea that the nation-state is the best form of political community, that a nation should have its own self-governing state, and values of the nation should be promoted. |
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Three Faces of Power: |
- Charismatic - Traditional - Rational Legal |
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First Face of Power |
Ability to affect decisions. |
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Third Face of Power: |
The ability to affect dominant ideas of society. |
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Non-Governmental Organization(NGOs) |
Formal, nonprofit, voluntary organizations whose memberships are composed of individuals organized around specific issues or common concerns. |
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Complex-Interdependence |
The interdependent relationship that exists between states such that variation in one state's behaviour seriously affects the other. |
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International Norms |
The expectations held by participants about normal relations among states. |
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Diplomatic Immunity |
Refers to diplomat's activity being outside the jurisdiction of the host country's national courts. |
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Just War Doctrine |
A branch of international law and political theory that defines when wars can be justly started (jus ad bellum) and how they can be justly fought (jus in bello) |
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Crimes Against Humanity |
A category of legal offences created at the Nuremberg trials after World War 2 to encompass genocide and other acts committed by the political and military leaders of the Third Reich. |
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The Responsibility to Protect |
A report issued by the international Commission on intervention and state sovereignty and formed under the sponsorship of the Canadian government. It focuses on the responsibilities states have to protect populations suffering serious harm or human rights abuses as a result of the conflict. |
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Global governance |
A movement towards political cooperations, transnational actors, aimed to negotiate responses to problems that affect more than one state or region. |
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Political Legitimacy |
Acceptance by the members of a political community that those in positions of authority have the right to govern. |
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Globalization |
The processes that are increasing the interconnectedness of the world (it is often seen as an inevitable process; however, various circumstances, including the policies adopted by the governments, can accelerate, slow down or even reverse the trend) |
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Regional Organizations |
These are composed of nation-states based on their geographical proximity and common interests; they have also been created for very specific purposes. |
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Precautionary Principle |
Where there is likelihood of environmental damage, banning an activity should not require full and definitive proof. |
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Sustainable Development |
Economic development that is conducted without the depletion of natural resources. |
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |
A united Nations body, which evaluates climate change science (it assesses research on climate change and synthesizes it into major "assessment" reports every 5-7 years) |
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United Nations Security Council |
The most powerful body within the United Nations, tasked with the responsibility to maintain peace and security (consists of 5 states [US, UK, China, France, and Russia] who each have the power to veto motions; if one member veto's a motion than the motion could not be carried out) |
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Collective Security |
The cooperation of multiple countries in an alliance in order to strengthen the security of each other. |
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General Principles of Law |
Actions required in most national legal systems as crimes, such as theft and assault, tend to have the same meaning in an international context (one of the 4 sources of international law) |
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International Norms |
Norms that define what behaviours states can or cannot do, expectations held by states about how international relations are carried out (ie. not using chemical weapons, no longer using landmines) |
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Reciprocity |
The practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit especially privileges granted by one country or organization to another; however, this concept goes both ways, if a state offends another state, then that state will respond with the same behavior. (tit for tat) |
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UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) |
A treaty that establishes jurisdictional limits on the ocean area (ie. 12 nautical miles, 200 miles nautical miles exclusive economic zone limit), it is also the most adhered to and ratified treaty (167 countries) |
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Morally Just War |
A doctrine, also referred to as a tradition of military ethics studied by theologians, ethicists, policy makers and military leaders |
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Sovereignty |
The Principle that says that a says that a state (country) is the highest authority for their population and territory and are not subject to and external authroity |
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International Criminal Court (ICC) |
The court of last resort that investigates and, where warranted, tries individuals charged with the gravest crimes of concern to the international community: genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity (123 countries) |
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Crimes Against Humanity |
A deliberate act, typically as part of a systematic campaign, that causes human suffering or death on a large scale. |
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Regimes |
A set of agreed upon principles, norms, rules, meetings, and decision-making procedures(sector specific and regulatory) |
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Global Commons |
The Earth's unowned natural resources, such as the oceans, the atmosphere, and space. |
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World Trade Organization (WTO) |
It is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations; at the core of the organization are the agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliament. |
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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) |
A trade agreement formed shortly after WWII ended, it was implemented to boost economic recovery; its primary purpose was to increase international trade through eliminating or reducing various tariffs, quotas, subsidies while maintaining meaningful regulations. |
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Non-Tariff Barriers |
Anything that is not classified as a tariff, but does limit or constricts trade (ie. Quotas or VER's) |
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Protectionism |
The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports |
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Mercantilism |
The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism |
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G-20 |
An international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies, with the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability. |
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The World Court |
The judicial arm of the UN; located in the Hague, it only hears case between states (ie. China's 9-dash line) |
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Second face of power |
The ability to ensure that issues are not raised. |
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Universal Jurisdiction |
A legal doctrine which permits domestic courts to try and punish perpetrators of some crimes so awful that they amount to- crimes against the whole of humanity, regardless of where they occurred or the nationality of the victim or perpetrator. |
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Sovereignty as Responsibility |
We accept that if preventative measures fail, and if the state is unable or unwilling to act, the intervention by outsiders may be needed (not yet customary law) |
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International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) |
It produced a 2001 report, which aimed to develop global political consensus about how and when the international community should respond to emerging crises involving the potential for large-scale loss of life and other widespread crimes against humanity (formed the basis of R2P principles); it includes responsibility to prevent and rebuild; dual responsibility |
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ICISS: External |
Outsiders must respect borders and internal government |
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ICISS: Internal |
Respect for dignity and rights of their own citizens |
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Customary International Law |
International obligations arising from established state practice, as opposed to obligations arising from formal, written international treaties. |
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Responsibility to Protect (of R2P) |
Consists of 4 principles A. Right intention B. Last resort C.Proportional means D. Reasonable prospects |
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Just Cause Threshold |
Civilians must be faced with large-scale mass atrocity crimes such as genocide, ethnic cleansing, mass rape, or crimes against humanity before outsiders are allowed to interfere (these crimes can be actual or anticipated). |
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Terrorism |
The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilian, in the pursuit of political aims. |
