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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nervous system
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serves as the body's control system; consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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Lymphatic system
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supports the immune system by housing and transporting white blood cells to and from lymph nodes; returns fluid that has leaked from the cardiovascular system back into the blood vessels; consists of the lymph nodes, the lymph vessels spleen, the thymus, and tonsils.
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Respiratory System
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organ system that provides for air exchange by supplying tissues with oxygenated blood and removing carbon dioxide.
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Reproductive system
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main purpose is to produce off springs; houses hormones that encourages or suppress activities within the body (i.e. libido and aggression) and influences the development of masculine or feminine body characteristics; consists of the testes and penis or the ovaries, vagina and breasts.
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Urinary System
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helps maintain the water and electrolyte balance within the body and regulates the acid-base balance of the blood; removes all nitrogen containing wastes from the body.
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Muscular
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consists of skeletal muscle, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that attach bones together to form joints.
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Integumentary system
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protects internal tissues from injury, waterproofs the body, and helps regulate body temperature; serves as a barrier to pathogens; consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails.
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Endocrine system
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controls body functions; glands in this system secrete hormones that travel through the blood to organs throughout the body to regulate processes such as growth and metabolism.
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Digestive system
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manufactures enzymes that break down food so that nutrients can be easily passed into the blood for use through the body; consists of all the organs from the mouth to the anus involved in the ingestion, breakdown and processing of food.
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Circulatory system
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transportation highway for the entire body (also known as the cardiovascular system).
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Nervous tissue
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structure for the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
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Muscle tissue
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dedicated to producing movement; three types include skeletal, cardiac and smooth.
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Epithelial tissue
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provides covering (such as skin tissue) or produces secretions (such as glandular tissue); commonly exists in sheets and does not have its own blood supply.
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Immigration
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act of an individual moving into a region or country live.
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Binormal nomenclature
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two-word naming system that includes the universally accepted genus and species of each organism; developed by Carolus Linnaeus.
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Taxonomy
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classification of organisms taxons; names reflect the organism's evolutionary heritage.
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Emigration
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act of an individual moving out of one region or country to live in another.
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Arteries
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blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart to the capillaries. |
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Heart
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Organ that rhythmically contracts and pumps blood throughout the body.
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Capillaries
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tiny blood vessels that transport blood between arteries and veins within the body.
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Anatomy
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study of the structure of various organs and body systems.
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Physiology
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study of the function of the various organs and body systems.
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lungs
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paired organs that take in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
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Trachea
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airways that connects the larynx to the bronchial tubes; also known as the windpipe. |
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Bronchial tubes
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small respiratory passages that connect the trachea to the lungs.
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Cilia
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tiny hairs in the bronchial tubes that keep the airway clear by removing unwanted matter from the lungs.
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Alveoli
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structure in the lungs that permits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to occur.
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Diaphragm
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dome-shaped muscle located immediately below the lungs that stimulates inhalation and exhalation by contracting and relaxing.
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Inspiration
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act of breathing in oxygen air.
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Expiration
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act of exhaling the carbon dioxide from the body.
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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branch of the nervous system that extends outside of the central nervous system and consists of the cranial and spinal nerves.
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Autonomic Nervous System
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branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls automatic body functions like heartbeat and digestion.
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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branch of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
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Parasympathetic Nerves
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branch of the automatic nervous system that is active when a person is eating or at rest.
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Sympathetic Nerves
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branch of automatic nervous system that is activated when a person is excited or scared.
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sensory-somatic nervous system
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part of the peripheral nervous system that consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and associated ganglia, controls voluntary actions of the body.
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Ganglia
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collection of nerve cell bodies
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Dendrites
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branched extensions of the neuron that receive impulses (electric messages) from other neurons and stimuli.
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Neurons
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specialized cells that make up the nervous system and transmit electrical impulses.
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Phagocytosis
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engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells.
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Synpapse
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fluid-filed gap that connects the axon of one nerve cell with the cell body of another.
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Stimuli
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change in the environment that triggers a physical response.
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Sensory Neurons
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neurons that carry messages from sense organs to the brain and spinal cord.
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Microvilli
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microscope projections of tissues that make up the villi.
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Digestion
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mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods.
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Enzymes
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Protein catalyst; chemical that changes the rate of a chemical reaction in living tissue without itself being chemically altered; a chemical that breaks down protein, carbohydrates, and fats into nutrients that can be absorbed through the wall of the intestine into the bloodstream.
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Duodenum
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first section of the small intestine.
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Chyme
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mixture of food, chemicals and enzymes in the stomach.
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Pyloric Sphincter
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muscle that separates the stomach from the duodenum and slowly releases chime from the stomach into the stomach into the small intestine (duodenum).
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Villi
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finger-like projections in the mucosa of the small intestine lining; produce a pleated appearance; each villus is supplied with blood and has lymphatic vessels for absorption.
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Pathogens
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any disease-causing agent.
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Perforins
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pore-forming protein
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lyse
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latin wood for "break"; used in biology and chemistry to mean rupture or destruction of the cell membrane, a cell structure, or a molecule.
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Interferons
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protein that inhibits the reproduction of a virus.
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Chemotaxis
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release of chemicals by damaged cells that attract white blood cells.
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Leukocytes
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white blood cells
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Cytokines
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chemicals that are released by damaged tissues.
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Diapedesis
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process of white blood cells squeezing through the capillary slits in response to cytokines.
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Antibodies
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protein produced by a B cell in response to an antigen.
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Antigen
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a foreign protein, such as a pathogen, that stimulates antibody production.
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B cells
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type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies in response to antigens; responsible for humeral immunity.
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Vaccine
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inactivated from a pathogen that stimulates the body to produce antibodies for future protection.
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T Cell
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lymphocyte that is responsible for cellular immunity.
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fertility rates
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average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years (from the ages 15-44).
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Crude birth rate
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number of childbirths per 1,000 people per year.
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Crude death rate
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number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.
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Connective tissue
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connects different structures of the body; includes bones, cartilage, adipose tissue (fats), and blood vessels.
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Effectors
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glands and muscles and extended away from the spinal cord.
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Reflex
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automatic response to a stimulus that occurs when neurons transmit a message to the spinal cord, which in turn sends a message back to the muscles to react before the message is transmitted to the brain.
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Skeletal system
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supports and protects the body and it's organs; supplies a framework that, when used in conjunction with the muscles, creates movement; serves as storage for minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus; consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments and joints.
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Organisms come _____ in the order of the human body.
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First
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Organ systems come _____ in the order of the human body.
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Second
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Organs come _____ in the order of the human body.
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Third
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Tissue come _____ in the order of the human body.
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Fourth
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Cells come _____ in the order of the human body.
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Fifth
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Molecules come _____ in the order of the human body.
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Sixth
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Atoms come _____ in the order of the human body.
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Seventh
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The Respiratory system supplies the body with _______ and removes _______.
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Oxygen and carbon dioxide
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It is through the walls of the ______ that oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of the capillaries in the lungs.
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