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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Replication |
the process of copying DNA
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Chromosome
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is made of a single DNA piece, which has been supercoiled and organized around various proteins. It's the dense form of DNA and seen just prior to cell replication.
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Chromatid
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is half of a replicated chromosome. When the chromosome replicates, it results in the well known X shape. The X contains two copies of the same DNA. Two sister chromatids are attached at the centromere to make up a replicated chromosome. The sister chromatids separate when the cell divides.
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Mitosis
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produces two daughter cells that are exact replicas of the original cell - cloning (23 pairs of chromosomes in each new cell). This is done for growth and repair. Diploid or two. Makes It Two M-i-t (makes twins)
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Meiosis
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produces gametes (egg and sperm cells) each has only 23 single chromosomes. Haploid or Half. When a sperm and egg combine the result is a new cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes, half from the mother and half from the father. m-E-oisis + s-E-x (Egg and Sperm)
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Interphase
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replication of the DNA to become double stranded
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Prophase
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double stranded chromosomes become visible (condense)
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Metaphase
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chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell
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Anaphase
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the chromosomes split and move to opposite ends of the cell
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Telephase
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the two new nuclei form - each with the diploid number of chromosomes eg in humans 23 pairs
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Cytokinesis
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membrane forms that splits the two nuclei and the cell pinches into two new fully functional daughter cells - clones of the original.
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Autosomes
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22 pairs of human homologous chromosomes (are not sex determining) - homologous means ideally they are exact replicas.
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Sex chromosomes
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Pair 23 has either 2 X's in the case of females and an X and a Y for a male
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Diploid
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23 pairs of chromosomes
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Haploid
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23 single chromosomes
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Asexual reproduction
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cloning - no mixing of genetic material as there is only one parent. Produces off spring that are ideally suited to the current environmental conditions.
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Sexual reproduction
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genetic material is supplied by both parents and the offspring take on some characteristics of both parents - more variable and responsive to changes in the environment. |
