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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the major hegemonies and define what characteristics make up a hegemony. |
1. Portugal 1500s 2. Holland 1600s 3. Britain I 1700s (ends 1776) 4. Britain II mid 1800s 5. USA mid 1900s 6. USA II??? Hegemonies are brief spanses held by certain countries in which they have by far the most power and control over worldwide production, commerce, and finance. |
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What are the two types of diversity that are discussed in this chapter? |
Diversity over Time: The past is not a perfect guide to the future, but it is very close. World leaders fail to learn their history and think that they can reinvent or ignore the past. DIversity over Space: Why world regions differ in matters of history, economics, or culture. |
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What is an NGO? What are some differing roles that they play in the world today? |
It's a Non-Governmental Organization. It has to be a non-profit organization, and they are usually involved in some type of globalization effort. WTO for example. Many protest worldwide groups making local choices that they know little about. |
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What regions do we see population growths? Why? |
Mostly in less developed areas and now beginning to spread to cities. |
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What are the major demographic indicators and what do they tell us? |
RNI - Rate of natural increase. This is the rate at which population is growing in a country without taking into account immigration/migration. TFR - Total Fertility Rate. This is the rate of the average number of live births a woman has in her life. USA - 2.1 Canada - 1.9 |
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What population pyramids correlate to what trends? What do these trends indicate about the future of the demographics in that area? |
Traditional pyramid shape is a rapid growth pyramidNigeria. Too many people will eventually exhaust nearby resources. High dependency ratio. High infant mortality. Slow growth pyramid bends in in the middle. USA. Dependency ratio for age 65+ Negative growth stretches out in the middle. Germany. |
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What are the phases and impacts of demographic transition? |
Phase 1. Preindustrial. High birth rate. High death rate. Low total population. Phase 2. Transitional. Death rate drops. Total population rises. Phase 3. Transitional. Death rates level. Birth rates drop. Total population rises. Phase 4. Industrial. Death rates level. Birth rates level. Total population levels. Phase 5. Post-Industrial. No growth OR negative growth. |
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World religion and language trends. |
Universalizing Religions - try to appeal to anyone regardless of background Ethnic Religions - identified closely with a specific ethnic, tribal, or national group Christianity - largest in territory and adherents (2.1 billion), grows by conversion Islam - 2nd (1.6 billion), grows by reproduction Lingua Franca - common language everyone in an area can speak, even if it’s not the native tongue. Homogenizing Religion/Culture - Yes culture (lingua franca), no religion (only getting more complex) |
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Compare nations, states and empires. What problems arise from these structures? |
Nations - Cultural societies with usually homogenous language, religion, and area (does not have to occupy certain States - Defined area with any number of nations inside Empire - Groups of nations (no defined area) Problems with nations, states, and empires - they can cause wars because boundaries are not rigid |
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Where do we see the early evidence for climate change? (4) |
In the winemaking of the Catholic Church\ Deforestation of medieval Europe Increased padi rice cultivation in China Shifts in North Atlantic Drift (water warmed) |
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Describe planetary heating and its cycles. |
Sun heats mostly between the Tropics, heat diffuses north and south while cold water travels back to equator to be heated. |
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What can we expect to see for the future of climate change? |
For the next 50 years, quick increasing heat, and we need a Carbon Tax |
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How have humans impacted the environment? |
Our CO2 output over the past 200 years has been the main factor. Used to live on 3 million cals of food per year, now about 100 million. |
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What impact has the change in food resources had on demographics? |
Population skyrocketed and life expectancy extended |
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What are the issues going forth regarding water? |
Not much fresh water (3% of global water) with 1% easily accessible Water stress - amount of freshwater available in a region based on current/future population’s needs |
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What are some issues going forth with biofuels? |
It’s a finite resource and will run out eventually Emissions |
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What factors affected how North America was settled? |
Water source locations, Native American tribes, British control, easily accessible, |
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What factors make north America its own region? |
Its isolation, so many different climates, single language (no lingua franca) |
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What effects has human modification had on North America? |
Fresh water has been depleted, deforestation and biofuel/coal consumption has hurt the atmosphere, Indian tribes were displaced, Panama Canal allows us access from Pacific to Atlantic for increased trade. Official affects: Ecological Imperialism (foreign plant/animal life introduced and killed many natives), Population growth and water (water recycling very important but expensive), Industrial success and air pollution (1960s California legislation fixed air pollution but we’ve let it slip nationwide) |
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Briefly describe the cultural history of North America. (see immigration chart) |
1820-1920 - beginning of immigration from north/west europe and then south/east influx after 1920-1945 - no immigration due to WWII 1945-now - Asia/Latin America become main immigrants |
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What indicates the different phases in North American immigration? |
WWII marks the switch from european immigration to asian and latin american immigration |
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What are the major changes in the labor force after wwII? What effects do these have on society? |
Asians and latin americans become primary immigration labor force for cheap labor. Jobs for current Americans can be lost but also overhead cost is cheaper and exports have a greater profit margin. |
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What do we see in the North American demographic indicators? What does this tell us? What might account for this? |
We see that USA’s TFR is enough to keep it level (and gain much by immigration). Canada’s TFR is negative, but immigration is more than USA’s, so it also has a net gain although less than USA’s. The rise is so slow because both countries are in the post-industrial phase. |
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What does a “commercial empire” entail? |
Fast food, cheap consumer products imported |
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What geological and environmental issues face latin America? |
Northern latin america prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions Mexico City especially prone to earthquakes (built on a lake) Deforestation (needed for population growth) and fossil fuels are hitting latin america doubly hard Natural vegetation overrun by invasive species |
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Historical differences between latin America and north America. |
N america has less growth due to TFR’s tells us that it’s a phase ahead of L america. (post-industrial vs industrial). In early development, it was much easier to grow crops in L america due to |
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What do the demographic indicators tell us? What does this mean? |
All of latin america’s TFRs are in growth stages, meaning that population (regardless of immigration) is growing. It also tells us that latin america is not out of the industrial phase yet. |
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Settlement and migration in Latin America |
Settled initially by Portuguese and Spanish Have lessened so now growth is almost all reproduction |
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What do the social indicators show in latin America? |
Catholicism created inequality for women and excessive TFRs Claim to be more racially tolerant, but still have many problems to rival USA’s own. Female literacy much less than Men’s on average Greater percentage of workforce is male |
