T2

Front 1

territorial imperative

Back 1

the term coined by anthropologist Robert Ardrey to popularize the proposition that people and nations will defend to the death their territory, just like animals instinctively do.

Front 2

security dilemma

Back 2

the tendency of states to view the defensive arming of adversaries as threatening, and when they arm in response, everyone´s security declines

Front 3

democratic peace

Back 3

the liberal theory that lasting peace depends on the deepening of liberal democratic institutions within states and their diffusion throughout the globe, given the Òiron lawÓ that democracies do not wage wars against each other

Front 4

long-cycle theory

Back 4

an interpretation of world history that focuses on repeating patterns of interstate behavior, such as the outbreak of systemwide general wars at different intervals, after long periods during which other patterns (global peace) were dominant.

Front 5

nationalism

Back 5

sentimental devotion to the welfare of one´s own nation without concern for the common interest of all nations and states in the global community (see p. 104).

Front 6

neorealism

Back 6

the so-called structural version of realism that explains state conduct as a function of changes in the global system´s structure, such as shifts in the distribution of states´ military capabilities

Front 7

power

Back 7

the factors that enable one state to coerce another; to realists, arms and military capabilities are the most important factor in determining which state will win a dispute

Front 8

military-industrial complex

Back 8

the term coined by U.S. President Eisenhower to describe the coalition among arms manufacturers, military bureaucracies, and top government officials that promotes unnecessary defense expenditures for its own profit and power.

Front 9

Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)

Back 9

an international agreement that seeks to prevent horizontal proliferation by prohibiting nuclear weapons sales, acquisitions, or production.

Front 10

Bush Doctrine

Back 10

the declaration that the United States intended to behave globally in terms of its perceived national self-interests, without the necessary approval of others and, as a corollary, would consider taking unilateral preemptive military action against any security threat such as Iraq to defeat it before it could attack the United States.

Front 11

spiral model

Back 11

a metaphor used to describe the tendency of efforts to enhance defense to result in escalating arms races.

Front 12

compellence

Back 12

a method of coercive diplomacy usually involving an act of war or threat to force an adversary to make concessions against its will.

Front 13

military intervention

Back 13

overt or covert use of force by one or more countries that cross the border of another country in order to affect the target country´s government and policies.

Front 14

mutual assured destruction (MAD)

Back 14

a system of mutual deterrence in which both sides possess the ability to survive a first strike and launch a devastating retaliatory attack.

Front 15

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

Back 15

the so-called Star Wars plan conceived by the Reagan administration to deploy an antiballistic missile system using space-based lasers that would destroy enemy nuclear missiles before they could enter Earth´s atmosphere

Front 16

sanctions

Back 16

punitive actions by one state against another to retaliate for its previous objectionable behavior.

Front 17

balance of power

Back 17

the theory that peace and stability are most likely to be maintained when military power is distributed to prevent a single hegemon or bloc from controlling the world (see p. 103).

Front 18

collective security

Back 18

a global or regional security regime agreed to by the great powers setting rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any state automatically will be met by a combined military response from the rest.

Front 19

Bush Doctrine

Back 19

the policy of assertive unilateral hegemonic leadership proclaimed by George W. Bush in 2001 as the policy principle that would guide American foreign policy, elaborated in the 2002 National Security Strategy of the United States pledges to maintain a unipolar world and to use preemptive warfare to prevent enemies´ use of force.

Front 20

START (Strategic Arms Reduction) Treaty

Back 20

the U.S.-Russian series of negotiations that began in 1993 and, with the 1997 START-III agreement ratified by Russia in April 2000, pledged to cut the nuclear arsenals of both sides by 80 percent of the Cold War peaks, in order to lower the risk of nuclear war by making a successful preemptive strike impossible.

Front 21

just war doctrine

Back 21

a doctrine regarding moral considerations under which war may be undertaken and how it should be fought once it begins.

Front 22

International Criminal Court (ICC)

Back 22

a court established by the United Nations for indicting and administering justice to people committing war crimes.

Front 23

public international law

Back 23

law pertaining to government-to-government relations

Front 24

private international law

Back 24

law pertaining to routinized transnational intercourse between or among states as well as nonstate actors.