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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Homeostasis? |
Homeostasis is the process when the body maintains a uniform internal environment |
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What are the areas maintained during homeostasis? |
- Nutrients eg. Glucose - Temperature - Water - Ions - pH (acidity and alkalinity) - Oxygen -Carbon dioxide
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What are the body systems (organs) used to maintain the areas affected by homeostasis? |
Nutrients - Pancreas and liver Temperature - Muscles and skin Water - Kidneys Ions - Kidneys pH - Excretory system (urination) Oxygen - Respiratory system (lungs) Carbon dioxide - respiratory system (lungs) |
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How does the body control body temperature?
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Hair rises to form a heat trapping layer (goose bumps) Using the blood in the upper capillaries, you flush and lose heat Sweat gland, as the sweat evaporates, the body cools Using the blood in the lower capillaries, you go pale and lose less heat |
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How do your blood vessels help cool your temperature? |
When it is hot, your blood vessels dilate (grow) which cause your body to cool When it is cool, your blood vessels constrict (shrink) causing your body to retain heat |
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What are the different sections of the heart? |
Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
Veins, valves and arteries: Vena Cava (superior and inferior) (From body) , Pulmonary artery, (to lungs) Pulmonary vein (from lungs), aorta (to the body) and others (Tricuspid, aorta, pulmonary and mitral) |
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Where does the blood flow? (around the body) |
Heart (deoxygenated) - lungs (oxygenated) - heart (oxygenated) - body (deoxygenated) |
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Where does the blood flow through the HEART on the RIGHT side? |
Superior or inferior vena cava into right atrium. through tricuspid valve to right ventricle. Through the pulmonary valve, out the pulmonary artery toward the lungs |
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Where does the blood flow through the HEART on the LEFT side? |
Pulmonary vein into left atrium. Through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From here it goes through the aortic valve and into the aorta towards the body |
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How is the blood pushed through the heart? |
The blood flows in to fill the space, the heart then contracts. The blood cannot go back as the valve prevent it from doing so, so it is pushed into the next section. This goes on. |
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What happens to the blood that is taken to the lungs? (How does the blood become oxygenated?) |
The oxygen concealed in the alveoli diffuses into the blood stream and therefore oxygenates the blood. Whilst this happens, the carbon dioxide in the blood is diffused back into the alveoli to be exhaled. This is called gas exchange. |
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How does the blood become deoxygenated? |
The oxygenated blood is taken to the body, where the oxygen diffuses into the cells and the blood then becomes deoxygenated. It is then taken back to the heart to repeat the process. |
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What are arteries? Arterioles? Capillaries? Veins? Venules? |
Artery: A muscular walled tube that carries blood Arteriole: A small branch off an artery leading to a capillary Capillary: A very small branching vein type that connects arterioles and venules Venule: A very small vein that attaches to a capillary and a vein Vein: Tube that carries blood. Small and elastic
Always appear in this order. |
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What does the SA node (sino-atral node) also known as pace maker do? |
It uses an electrical pulse to radiate away through heart muscle tissue, causing it to contract. Electrical pulse radiates up and out of the apex of the heart producing the heart muscle contractions of the ventricles |
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What is the respiratory system? |
The inhalation, spread, use and exhalation of gases |
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Describe the process (what order) |
The oxygen flows through the lungs and the O2 gets diffused into the blood stream. The blood then carries it through the heart to the body cells. It exchanges the blood with carbon dioxide which is then taken back and diffused into the lungs to be exhaled |
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What is the order of the sections of the respiratory system? (characteristics of the lungs)
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Nostrils ------- Pharynx ----- Oesophagus -------- Larynx (voice box) -------- Epiglottis ---------- Trachea (windpipe) --------- Lungs --------- Bronchus |
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What is cellular respiration? What is the rule? |
It is the process of producing energy Glucose + oxygen -> energy, carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O2 + O2 -> ATP CO2 H2O |
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What is the alimentary canal? |
The alimentary canal is a continuous tube from the mouth to the anus |
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List the sections (in order) that the food passes through |
Mouth, tongue, salivary gland, epiglottis, trachea, oesophagus, diaphragm, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, bile duct, small intestine (duodenum, ileum) large intestine (caecum) appendix (rectum), anal sphincter muscles, anus |
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List of digestive juices (in order) |
Saliva - digest simple sugars (starch) Gastric juice + HCI acid (Water and alcohol are absorbed) Pancreatic juices and bicarbonate soda Bile salts Intestinal juices |
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Which organ makes bile? |
The gallbladder |
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The pancreatic Juices with the intestinal juices break down fats to ………………………………….. and
…………………………………………………
carbohydrates to are broken down to ………………………………………… |
Fatty acids and glycerol
Glucose |
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What is villi? |
Each villus has many microvilli. So it's almost like the villi are fingers protruding from the small intestine wall, and microvilli are hairs on those fingers. Both work to increase surface area so more nutrients can be absorbed. |
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Describe how product of carbohydrates digestion, glucose enters the blood system. |
They usually enter the blood stream around the intestines. Depending on the product they diffuse passively or are actively transported through the cells membrane |
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What are enzymes? What are DIGESTIVE enzymes? |
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speeds up chemical reactions but doesn't get used.
Digestive enzymes speed up the breaking down of food Eg. Amylase (sugar/starch) Lipase (Lipid/fats) Protease (protein) |
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What is digestion? |
Digestion is the breaking down of food into molecules that can be absorbed into the circulatory system. |
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What part of the digestive system is lined with 'villi'? |
Small intestine |
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What part of the digestive system produces insulin to control sugar in the blood? |
The pancreas |
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Where are 'stools' formed? |
The ascending colon (after the ileum) |
