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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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asian-americans commonly live in ________ and have a hard time ________ with ____ _____ ____.
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suburbia, identifying, who they are.
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what 3 asian subpopulations have the highest magement/professional jobs?
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chinese, asian indian, japanese.
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whawt 2 asian subpopulations have the highest service positon jobs?
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Thai and vietnamese
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what 2 asian subpopulations have the highest production/transport/materials moving position jobs?
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Laotian, cambodian
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what job positions are asian subpopulations especially low in?
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fishing/farming/forestry
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list 8 asian subpopulations:
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chinese, filipino, asian indian, vietnamese, korean, japanese, cambodian, laotian.
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what does the notion of a glass or bamboo ceiling refer to?
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the perception held by asian americans that, becuase of negative stereotypes about them, they are limited, despite being qualified, for advancement in professional occupations. Some of these negative stereotypes are rooted in the perceptions that asian americans are unaggressive, have poor/limited communication skills in english, and are too technically oriented to be effective managers.
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what is a segregation index and what is it used for?
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it bases the percentage of the population that would need to move into white neighborhoods to achieve complete desegregation.
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according to the segregation index, what asian american subpopulation is the least and most segregated?
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japanese americans are the least segregated and vietnamese americans are the most segregated.
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the latino population in the united states consists of three major groups:
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mexicans, puerto ricans, and cubans
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today, there are over __ ______ latinos living in the united states
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40 million
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non-latinos are of course concerned about the _____ of immigrants from spanish-speaking nations into the united states and their comparatively high _______.
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influx, birthrates
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latinos in the US are increasing at over _____ the rate of the total population. hence causing a sense of _____, giving rise to ______ _______.
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twice, threat, ethnic tension
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the US cencus bureau showed that __ % of all latinos were born in the US and __% were foreign-born and not citizens
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59, 29 (but many aliens go unreported)
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the poverty rate for mexican americans and puerto ricans is more than ___ times that of non-latinos.
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3
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most mexican american and puerto rican households headed by ______ are in poverty; and the head of the household is likely to be a _______ graduate.
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females, non-high school
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what caused policy makers to argue that poverty had become a persistent and severe social problem in the 1990s?
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the limited success of government-sponsored antipoverty programs in latino communities.
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whose economic policies had some effect on particularly reducing latinos' poverty rates?
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bill clinton
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latinos as a whoe had an average poverty rate of __% in 2003-2004
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22
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over the past two decades, latino incomes have been about __% of non-latino income
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70
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what is the reason for latino americans having lower incomes than whites?
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latinos often find themselves in jobs that offer few opportunities for advancement.
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while some latinos have been upwardly mobile, their places in the bottom rungs of the stratification system have been replaced by:
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newer immigrants or by the high birthrates among those who cannot be mobile for lack of education.
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what latino american subpopulation has the highest income?
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cuban americans
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more people in the non-latino white population and the ______ american population work in managerial and professional occupations.
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cuban
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a high number of mexican american workers are ______ and _______
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farmers, laborers
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puerto ricans and mexican americans have a higher percentage of jobs in:
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service, production, and labor occupations
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between 1970 and 2005, ______ americans and ______ ______ made larger educational gains than _______ americans
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cuban, puerto ricans, mexican
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levels of education attained by latinos are below those by all non-latinos, whicih places latinos at an enormous disadvantage in a ______-______ society
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credential-oriented
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the centers for disease control reports that latina mothers are less likely to receive ______ care than non-latina mothers
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prenatal
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latina mothers are more likely to give birth to infants with ____ _____ _____
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low birth weight
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the leading cause of death for both latino and white american children 1 to 14 years old was ________ ______
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unintentional injury (fires, drowning, etc)
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about __% of latinos ages 1-14 were victims of ______, compared to 13% of white children
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21, homocide
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a reason that latinos have lower life expectancies than non-latinos is poor ______ ____.
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health care
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another reason for latinos' shorter life expectancy is violence. this reflects the risk of living in areas with:
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high crime rates and gang violence.
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latino youth are __ times more likely than white youth to be the victims of gang violence.
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4
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latino youth are more likely than white youth to feel _____ while attending school.
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unsafe
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latinos often experience housing segregation. this segregation pattern is based largely on ______
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racism
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______ ______ are at greatest risk of being denied equal access to spatially determined resources like health, ______, and ________
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puerto ricans, security, employment
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latino segregation has slightly _____ since 1980.
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increased
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in sum, latinos have less access to valued resources such as:
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income, education, health care, housing.
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_______ and _______ set people of mexican origan apart from mainstreem society.
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language, culture
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what has helped maintain the spanish language as a prominent feature of social intercourse between the 2 cultures?
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the frequent cross of the 2000 mile border btn mexico and the U.S.
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what term is used to explain the basis for discrimination of latinos?
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Idenifiability
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what was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and when did it happen?
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1848, this concluded the war between the US and mexico, and guaranteed to all mexicans living in the "new" american territory a number of basic rights: full citizenship, retention of spanish as a recognized and legit language, etc. this treaty was rarely enforced, which opened the door to social and political exploitation
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in the second half of the 19th century, what were some of the negative beliefs about the mexican population?
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they were seen as an inferior "race" and biologically tainted by indian blood. they were perceived as "greasers" because some once greased wagon wheels. they were also seen as lazy, shiftless, lawless, and potentially violent
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in the 2nd half of the 20th century, mexicans were stereotyped as:
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fat, lazy, thieving, and immoral. and overly violent street criminals. therefore, they were prejudiced about their character, honesty, work ethic, and reliability
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mexican discrimination in the US is reinforcedby the depiction of mexicans as ______--especially as _______ or drug dealers-- in the mass _____.
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deviants, criminals, media
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what was the "bracero program?"
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a labor contract with mexicans. participating mexican workers were granted temporary visas and labeled braceros. this happened during 1942-1964 when there were labor shortages in agriculture after world war 2
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what was Operation Wetback?
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this was launched by border control, which targeted mexican immigrants who did not have papers identifying them as braceros. congress gave border patrol authority to stop and search any "mexican-looking" person.
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how many poeple did operation wetback return to mexico?
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3.8 million
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what has reduced the number of better paying jobs for mexican americans?
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the economy's shift away from industrial work. this has forced mexican americans into the welfare rolls or into service, agriculture, and light-industrial jobs
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regarding the mexican american labor pool, how have mexican american wages stayed low?
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the large unemployed labor pool has depressed wages and kept workers from demanding new benefits--or else they'll be fired and replaced by a more eager worker
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regarding citizenship, what has kept mexican american labor wages low?
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the non-citizenship status of many mexicans has driven down wages because undocumented aliens will rarely protest wages and working conditions-unless they are willing to be deported.
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who was very effective in his/her protests for mexican american agricultural workers' working conditions and wages?
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Cezar Chavez; he used media, charisma, well-organized boycotts and strikes.
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the use of english in the US as the language of the corts has been a crucial step in depriving chicanos of justice. how so?
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they cannot understand the legal rights communicated to them in english or they were unable to communicate in english within the court. they were also inadequately defended, which increased their population in prison, this reinforcing the belief that they are criminally prone.
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during the 1900s through 1930, the lack of _______ was not considered a problem for mexican american children.
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formal education
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as schools were built, educational segregation for mexican american children prevailed as a result of _______ segregation.
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housing
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as segregation for mexican americans decreased in the school systems by 1970 and 1980, mexican american teachers, _______, and _______ were dramatically underrepresented still.
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administrators, counselors
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because many mexican american schoolchildren resisted efforts to americanization, they were placed in _______ schools, under constant pressure to become "______"
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segregated, american
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mexican american children who spoke spanish in school were often victims of ______ punishment. and they were often ________ by teachers if they brought ______ food for lunch
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corporal, ridiculed, ethnic
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a study conducted b y the u.s. commision on civil rights (1972) found that teachers tended to ridicule mexican american students who spoke english with an accent and they would:
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exclude them from classroom discussion, refrain from asking them questions during classroom lessons, and punish them for speaking spanish
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it was found that schools imposed mainstream american culture on mexican american children, with little sensitivity or appreciation of their place in two active cultures, caused childrne to become unhappy in school, which led them to:
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drop out
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the elementary and secondary education act passed by congress in ____ allocated some funds for _______ education
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1968, bilingual
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today, about __% of mexican american students graduate from high school
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50
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negative beliefs about puerto ricans:
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lazy, submissive, immoral (crime), and since they are condensed in a few cities, especially new york city area, they are viewed as a drain on the welfare system and social services.
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the timing of puerto rican migration to the united states is related to cycles in the _______. in ____, puerto ricans came to the U.S. because: and in ____ they returned to their homeland because of:
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economy, 1950, they were recruited for work for the increasing number of sweatshops. 1970, factory closings
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regarding legal discrimination, puerto ricans are more likely to be _________ than placed on probation, and they also receive longer _______ for the same criminal acts.
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institutionalized, sentences
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cubans came to the united states as political ______ from ________. hence, they were perceived as _______ in the light of the politics of the _____ ___.
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refugees, communism, desirable, cold war
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the majority of early cuban refugees were from _____ and _____ classes, with _________ and _________ training as well as entrepreneurial skills and resources. this enabled them:
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upper, middle, professional, technical. to transpose their occupations and professions in Cuba to the united states
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cubans were offered educational programs as a vehicle for ________ into US society. hence, the education of cubans in the US has not been associated with the production and perpetuation of _______.
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assimilation, inequality
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the historical discrimination in the immigration laws article talks about a large number of catholics immigrating from europe in the early 1800s. what did this cause in the US?
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a nativist movement that advocated immigration restriction to prevent further arrivals of catholics into the country.
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in the artical historical discrimination in the immigration laws, not only immigrants from western came to the US, but also the _______. as a result, the nativist movement resurfaced in the late 1840s and developed into the "_____-______ party." it added an anti-_______ theme to the anti catholic sentiment. this movement did not gain ______.
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chinese, know-nothing, chinese, strength
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according to the article historical discrimination in the immigration laws, the depression economy of the 1870s was blamed on _____, and mostly the ______.
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aliens, chinese.
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in the artical historical discrimination in the immigration laws, how did congress respond to the blaming of the chinese for the depression?
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the chinese exclusion act of 1882, which suspended immigration of chinese laborers for 10 years, except for those who were in the country on a certain day. those who werent lawfully entitled to reside in the US were subject to deportation. they were also prohibited from obtaining US citizenship after the effective date of the act.
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according to the artical historical discrimination in the immigration laws, when was the chinese exclusion act ammended and what changes were made?
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in 1884, all chinese subjects residing in any country were covered in the law. in 1888, the suspension included all chinese except for officials, students, teachers, etc.
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4 types of immigrants that came from asian countries:
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refugees, asylees, entropreneur, boat lift individual, labor
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refugee:
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anyone who held a "well-founded fear of persecution in their home country"
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boat lift individual:
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seeking asylum from political prosecution
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labor:
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came to country with skills seeking work. in the beginning, a large group came from china
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asylees:
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persons who petition for legal status in the united states because they fear persecution in their country of origin
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