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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When is early weaning? |
3 weeks, 10-15# |
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what age are pigs traditionally weaned? |
4-5 weeks (20-25#) |
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What is segregated early weaning? |
14-16 days - need to supplement with abx at that age. |
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How big are grower pigs? |
40-90#, ~6 mo |
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How old/large are finishers |
90-124# |
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What are market weight hogs? |
260-285 # |
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How large can a mature sow or boar weight? |
350-800# |
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When are gilts normally bred for the first time? |
6-8 mo |
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What is the target days to market for a hog? |
165d |
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what is the avg days to market for hogs? |
200 d |
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What is the ideal average daily gain for first 2 mo |
0.88 -1 # |
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What is the ideal AVG daily gain for a 2-6 months? |
1.62-1.81 lbs |
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What is the average daily gain for the whole production length? |
1.7#/day |
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What is the normal body temperature for a piglet? |
102ºF or 39ªC |
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What is the normal RR for a grower? sow? |
20-30/m grower, 13-15/m sow. |
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What is the normal HR in an adult? neonate? |
70-80/minute and over 200 in neonates |
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How big are newborn piglets? |
2-4lbs |
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what is the ideal environment temperature for a neonate piglet? |
80-90ºF (adults are 60-70ºF) |
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When do you clip needle teeth, do Fe injections, ear notch, tag/chip? |
within 24 hours of birth |
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When do we castrate |
at 1 week prior to weaning (1-2 week old) |
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What is Improvest® |
a GRF-diptheria toxoid injection - given at 9 weeks old, booster 4 weeks later. Withdrawl of 4 weeks. Dampens androgens in the males (prevents boar taint) |
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What temperature is excessive for pigs? |
90ºF |
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What humidity do pigs prefer?. |
40-80% |
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What stocking density do you need in weavers? |
1.7-2.5 sq feet |
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How much space does a 150# pig need? |
8 sq ft |
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What aa are rate limiting? |
10 different ones are diety and lysine and methionine are rate limiting |
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What happens to protein requirements with age? |
the decrease (from 18-13%) |
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How much feed per day do market wt pigs need? |
8# |
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What happens to lactation diet req from gestation req |
3-4 times increase. |
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How do you do a PE on a pig in a pen |
You stand back and watch how they are acting, the environmental quality, attitude of group. |
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What is the body condition scoring system for pigs? |
1-6 |
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Do pigs have apocrine sweat glands? |
YES -- mainly on the snout |
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How do you work up a skin case in pigs? |
The same as any spp. |
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What kind of trauma can happen to pig ears? |
From other pigs, aural hematomas, necrosis of teats and necrosis over friction points. |
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What is greasy pig disease? |
An exfoliative toxin produced by S. hyicus proliferation. |
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What does greasy pig disease look like? |
an oily character to the skin, with a flakey brown scale. |
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Is greasy pig disease fatal? |
Can be - via dehydration, internal lesions. |
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What are the hallmarks of pyrosis rosei? |
Usually in gilts, 205 months old, red raised to plaque lesions with fine branny scales. Ventrum and on sides. No pruritus. |
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Do we treat psoriasis Rosei? |
NO -- recognize that it will go away on it's own. |
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How can you tell sarcastic mange apart from zinc deficiency? |
Mange itches like hell. |
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What is the main cause of parakeratosis? |
Zinc deficiency - most likely those that are formulating their own feeds |
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What do sarcoptic mange and parakeratosis look like? |
fissuring, hyperkeratosis on distal extremities. |
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If you see pustules on a weaner pig, that are round, coalescing and raise with a papule or a pustule what is your top ddx? |
Swine pox |
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What do you need to differ swine pox from. |
Other vesicular diseases (FMD, vesicular disease) |
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what is the main way to differ swine pox from FMD |
FMD/vesicular diseases are usually at the mucocutaneous junctions!!!!! |
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How to dx swine pox/ |
skin scrape, culture +/- bx |
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What makes FMD so devastating to a pig? |
PAIN - b/c it attacks mucocutaneous junctions - will go at the feet and cause sloughing of the claw. |
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Where else do lesions like FMD show up? |
on the snout and lips. |
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What do you do if you suspect a vesicular disease? |
Call the feds. |
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besides vesicular disease and FMD, what are other vesicular diseases? |
1. Vesicular stomatitis 2. Vesicular exanthema of swine |
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What causes the characteristic hemorrhage of erysipelothix? |
A vasculitis of the arteries |
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What other signs are there of eryseplis? |
a high fever and a very sick pig. |
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What can cause this: |
Cyanosis due to shock type endotoxins (endotoxic shock) -- Salmonella, E. coli |
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What is this disease? |
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. |
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What is the causative agent of PDNS? |
It is linked to a circovirus. |
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What do pigs die of with PDNS? |
Glomerulonephritis. |
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How can you tell PDNS from pryasis rosei? |
PDNS are a worse disease, they will be SICK/febrile with a vasculitis. |
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Which e. coli causes septicemic colibacillosis? |
An opportunistic e. coli that lacks pili/fimbrial AnG assoc'd with gut tract colonization. -- THIS IS IN THE BLOOD. |
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how does one treat a septicemic colibacillosis? |
Parenteral Abx |
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Which strain of E. coli causes neonatal enteric colibacillosis? |
Enterotoxigenic strains |
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Which enterotoxigenic strains cause a problem in neonates (e coli) |
Those with K88(F4), 987P (K99, F41 less commonly) |
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What happens to the fecal pH of those with e. coli? |
ELEVATES - due to secretory D. |
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How do you dx an e. coli disease? |
Based on CxS, prove the virulence |
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What are some things that make swine more prone to e. coli? |
hypothermia, pen cleanliness and lack of passive transfer. |
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Which group of pig is most susceptible to coccidiosis? |
7-15 day old piglets (neonatal) |
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What is morbidity/mortality with coccidiosis |
high morbidity and nearly 20% mortality. |
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How do you treat those with coccidosis |
Baycox - toltrazuril |
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Does baycox work with those that are showing signs of coccidosis? |
NO |
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What is the agent of coccidosis? |
Isospora suis |
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What is the other name for coccidiosis? |
milk scour |
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Is cryptosporidium an important cause of D in piglets |
NO |
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Which scouring diseases kill neonatal piglets? |
TGE, PED (alpha corona virus) and Porcine delta corona virus (emerging) |
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What ages are affected and what ages die with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) |
all ages are affected, but has over 90% mortality in those less of < 2 weeks old. |
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How is PED causing diarrhea? |
in 24 hours - killing mature enterocytes (AnG fast to leave the system) -- destroys the villus tip. |
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How long does it take sows to start developing colostrum AnB to PED? |
5 weeks
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What is it to have FEEDBACK vaccination |
Feed the sows feces from infected sows. |
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How soon do we need to sample feces to catch the AnG for PED? |
within 48 hours |
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How long can PED survive in manure? |
28 days |
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What temperatures does PED like? |
COLD |
