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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abcess |
A localized accumulation of pus |
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Acquired immunity |
Disease immunity established through cellular memory following exposure to the disease antigen |
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Active immunity |
Production of antibodies which combat a specific disease acquired by contracting disease or by vaccination |
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Aerobes |
Organisms that favor environments with oxygen |
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Anaerobes |
Organisms that prefer oxygen-poor environments |
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Antibodies |
Complex glycoproteins produced by the immune system that are found in response to antigens |
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Antigens |
Macromolecules such as protease glycoproteins lipoproteins and polysaccharides on the surface of a cell that identify them as part of an organism. |
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Bacilli |
Rod-shaped bacteria that occur in pairs chains or filaments |
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Bacteriophage |
A virus that invades bacterial cell walls and can reproduce from within the cell |
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Bacterium/bacteria |
A unicellular micro ISM with rigid cell wall |
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Binomial system |
A method of classifying living organisms by their genus and species |
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Bioburden |
A measure of the number of bacterial colonies on a surface |
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Chromatin |
A protein substance containing the genetic code of the cell (DNA) |
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Cocci |
Round or spherical shaped bacteria that occur in Chains pairs or clusters |
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Commensalosm |
The relationship between two organisms in which one uses the other four physiological needs but cost no harm |
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Dehiscence |
Separation of tissue edges of a surgical wound |
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Endocytosis |
Process by which the cell engulfs large particles in the outside of the cell. |
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Endospore |
Bacterial toxins that are associated with the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria |
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Endocytosis |
The process by which the cell engulfs large particles in the environments |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
An extension of the nuclear membrane in the cell that facilitates the movement of protein out of the nucleus |
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Eukaryote |
The basic type of cell which is surrounded by a membrane that contains complex organisms for metabolism and reproduction |
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Golgi apparatus |
An extension of the endomembrane of a cell that stores modify and transport large molecules |
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Innate immunity |
Nonspecific immunity present from birth |
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Lysosome |
An organelle capable of releasing enzymes to kill the cell |
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Lysogenesis |
The process whereby viruses replicate their genetic material and then cost of hosts rupture releasing genetic material the forming new virions |
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Mitochondria |
An organelle that synthesizes adenosine triphosphate ATP to provide cellular energy |
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Mutualism |
The relationship between two organisms of different species in which both benefit by association |
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Nuceoid |
Region of the prokaryotic cell where DNA is located but not enclosed |
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Nucleolus |
The organelle inside the nucleus that contains proteins necessary for cell reproduction |
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Nucleus |
The organ structure in the cell that contains the genetic material for replication reproduction of a cell |
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Osmosis |
The movement of liquid through a semi-permeable membrane according to the difference in the concentration of substances in the liquid |
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Passive immunity |
Protection against a disease by antibodies from another person or animal maternal antibodies are passed to the fetus from the mother blood. |
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Phagocytes |
Any cell capable of ingesting particles matter and microorganisms |
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Phagocytosis |
A defense mechanism in which a cell engulfs a substance or another cell |
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Pili |
A-Rod like attachment extending from the cell membrane that's capable of attaching to another cell to transfer to netiq material |
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Plasmid |
Circular molecules of DNA located in a prokaryotic cell |
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Prokaryotes |
Cellular organisms that lack a true nucleus on nuclear membrane including bacteria archaea and other single cell organisms |
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Ribosomes |
The site of protein synthesis for reproduction in the cell |
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Spirochete |
Curved or spiral-shaped bacteria |
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Spore |
The highly resistant dormant stage of some bacteria that can live in extreme conditions |
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Standard precautions |
Guidelines recommended by the CDC to reduce the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens |
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Virulence |
The degree to which a microorganism is capable of causing disease |
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Chromosomes |
Double strands of Chromatin |
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Pinocytosis |
The cell takes in water is small particles by surrounding them with a membrane cover blister or vesicle |
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A eukaryotic cell is surrounded by what |
A double layer membrane |
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What is the three difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell |
1. Eukaryotic cell develops into complex organs 2. Has a distinct nucleus 3. Does not have a thick cell wall (except for plant cells). |
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Flagella |
A long filament extending from the surface of the cell used for mobilitie or motion |
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Diffusion |
The uniform dispersal of particles in solution or across a membrane as a result of spontaneous movements |
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Endotoxin |
Chemicals contained within the cell wall of bacteria that is released during a bacterial rupture |
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Exotoxins |
Proteins produced as a result of bacterial metabolism |
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Which bacteria is the most common cause of surgical site infection |
Staphylococcus aureus |
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Surgical site infections are commonly caused by what |
Direct transmission of contaminated surface |
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Which bacteria is the primary cause of pmeumonia and middle ear infection |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Staphylococcus epidermidis staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyrogenesis Streptococcus pneumonia are all what type of bacteria? |
Gram positive cocci bacteria |
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What is the transmission for Hepatitis A viris |
Fecal and Oral route |
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What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis B virus |
Blood and body fluids |
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What is the incubation period for Hepatitis B virus |
10 to 12 weeks |
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What infections are caused by Hepatitis B virus |
Chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis Mass liver death and death |
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Is there a cure for Hepatitis B |
No cure but vaccination |
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How is Hepatitis C virus transmitted |
By blood transfusion and blood products |
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How is hepatitis D virus transmitted |
By the same means of hepatitis B it is a secondary infection with hbv |
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How is hepatitis e transmitted |
Contaminated water |
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Women under the age of 25 at high risk for which cervical causing virus |
Human papilloma virus HPV |
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A prion can cause which disease |
Creutzfeildt-Jakob Disease |
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What is CJD and it's incubation period. |
A nervous system disease caused by a prion which has a incubation period of 20 years and cannot be destroyed by traditional sterilization |
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What are the five means of disease transmission |
Direct contact Airborne transmission transmission by bodily fluids and indigestion |
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What are the requirements for infection |
Entry site and Exit site Sufficient dose of microbes Suitable environment within a host Little to no barriers of microbe reproduction |
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What is the number one cause of hospital-acquired infections |
Urinary catheterization |
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What is the second most cause of hospital-acquired infections |
Surgical site infections |
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What are the four phases of disease |
Incubation phase(reproduce without symptoms prodromal phase ( early stage of symptoms acute phase (strong onset of symptoms disease at peak convalesce phase (disease dies down symptoms subsiding) |
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What are the four phases of bacteria growth? |
1. Lag phase 2. Exponential (log) phase 3. Stationary phase 4. Death phase |
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During which phase bacteria do not divide but they may process or sent the size components for growth medium in preparation for cell division |
Lag phase |
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In which phase does bacteria have active and Rapid cell division |
Exponential /log phase |
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In which phase does bacteria use up there available nutrition about space for growth and cell division stops |
Stationary phase |
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In which phase the bacteria can no longer grow or survive in the car mini dies out? |
Death phase |
