Surgery (Traumatology Of Thorax And Abdomen)

Front 1

Secondary (false) splenic cyst:
- has own epithelial cover
- is mostly of parasitary origin
- has not own epithelial cover+
- is mostly of trauma origin+

Back 1

Secondary (false) splenic cyst:
- has own epithelial cover
- is mostly of parasitary origin
- has not own epithelial cover
- is mostly of trauma origin

Front 2

Sub-capsule or intra-parenchymatous splenic hematoma could develop into:
- complete absorption and fibrotization+
- lung embolization
- portal hypertension
- posttraumatic pseudocyst+

Back 2

Sub-capsule or intra-parenchymatous splenic hematoma could develop into:
- complete absorption and fibrotization
- lung embolization
- portal hypertension
- posttraumatic pseudocyst

Front 3

Posttraumatic splenic pseudocyst could be diagnosed using:
- gastroscopy
- ultrasonography+
- computed tomography+ CT
- scintigraphy

Back 3

Posttraumatic splenic pseudocyst could be diagnosed using:
- gastroscopy
- ultrasonography
- computed tomography
- scintigraphy

Front 4

Symptomatic splenic pseudocyst manifests itself as:
- blunt pain in the left upper quadrant+
- radiation in the left shoulder+
- subileous state
- ascites

Back 4

Symptomatic splenic pseudocyst manifests itself as:
- blunt pain in the left upper quadrant
- radiation in the left shoulder
- subileous state
- ascites

Front 5

Delayed splenic rupture:
- arises mostly due to penetrating abdominal trauma
- in 70% of cases develops in the first 14 days after trauma+
- is treated predominantly using conservative methods
- develops 48 hours after trauma and later+

Back 5

Delayed splenic rupture:
- arises mostly due to penetrating abdominal trauma
- in 70% of cases develops in the first 14 days after trauma
- is treated predominantly using conservative methods
- develops 48 hours after trauma and later

Front 6

Trauma of biliary tree is mostly causes by:
- blunt abdominal trauma
- penetrating abdominal trauma
- iatrogenic lesion during cholecystectomy+
- iatrogenic lesion during ERCP+

Back 6

Trauma of biliary tree is mostly causes by:
- blunt abdominal trauma
- penetrating abdominal trauma
- iatrogenic lesion during cholecystectomy
- iatrogenic lesion during ERCP

Front 7

Contusion of the pancreas (lesion of I. Gr) manifests as:
- elevation of pancreatic amylases connected with leukocytosis+
- hemoperitoneum
- epigastric pains+
- pneumoperitoneum

Back 7

Contusion of the pancreas (lesion of I. Gr) manifests as:
- elevation of pancreatic amylases connected with leukocytosis
- hemoperitoneum
- epigastric pains
- pneumoperitoneum

Front 8

Which statement is/are true of a fracture of the left 10th rib:
- it mostly injures a kidney
- it mostly injures the spleen+
- the colon isn´t injured+
- the right liver lobe is usually injured

Back 8

Which statement is/are true of a fracture of the left 10th rib:
- it mostly injures a kidney
- it mostly injures the spleen
- the colon isn´t injured
- the right liver lobe is usually injured

Front 9

Delayed spleen rupture:
- develops 48 hours and later after trauma+
- is treated mostly conservatively
- in 70% of cases develops in the first 14 days after trauma+
- develops due to penetrating abdominal trauma

Back 9

Delayed spleen rupture:
- develops 48 hours and later after trauma
- is treated mostly conservatively
- in 70% of cases develops in the first 14 days after trauma
- develops due to penetrating abdominal trauma

Front 10

Splenic injury manifests clinically as:
- left lower abdominal quadrant pains
- radiation pain to the left shoulder+
- ileosus status
- circulatory instability+

Back 10

Splenic injury manifests clinically as:
- left lower abdominal quadrant pains
- radiation pain to the left shoulder
- ileosus status
- circulatory instability

Front 11

Diaphragm functions are:
- postural functio+
- principal expiratory muscle
- accessory expiratory muscle
- principal inspiratory muscle+

Back 11

Diaphragm functions are:
- postural functio
- principal expiratory muscle
- accessory expiratory muscle
- principal inspiratory muscle

Front 12

The most common causes of injury of the diaphragm are:
- part of a polytrauma+
- caused by car crashes+
- caused by blunt and penetrating injuries in a 1:1 ratio
- caused by falls from heights

Back 12

The most common causes of injury of the diaphragm are:
- part of a polytrauma
- caused by car crashes
- caused by blunt and penetrating injuries in a 1:1 ratio
- caused by falls from heights

Front 13

The most common injured part of the diaphragm is localised:
- right
- left+
- right and left
- centrally, at the back+

Back 13

The most common injured part of the diaphragm is localised:
- right
- left
- right and left
- centrally, at the back

Front 14

Therapy of diaphragm rupture is:
- even in case of asymptomatic ruptures – operation+
- to 2.5 cm conservative approach
- suture, reconstructive procedures (mesh, muscle flap)+
- based on the clinical condition conservative or surgical

Back 14

Therapy of diaphragm rupture is:
- even in case of asymptomatic ruptures – operation
- to 2.5 cm conservative approach
- suture, reconstructive procedures (mesh, muscle flap)
- based on the clinical condition conservative or surgical

Front 15

Late complications of diaphragm rupture are:
- spontaneous pneumothorax, respiratory insufficiency
- nonspecific gastrointestinal disorders, incarceration of prolapse organs in the chest+
- respiratory insufficiency, tension pneumothorax+
- myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal disorders

Back 15

Late complications of diaphragm rupture are:
- spontaneous pneumothorax, respiratory insufficiency
- nonspecific gastrointestinal disorders, incarceration of prolapse organs in the chest
- respiratory insufficiency, tension pneumothorax
- myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal disorders

Front 16

In case of injury to the abdominal wall by a penetrating object, which we find in the wound, we try to:
- remove it immediately
- leave it in situ+
- gently cover it with a sterile cloth+
- take a picture

Back 16

In case of injury to the abdominal wall by a penetrating object, which we find in the wound, we try to:
- remove it immediately
- leave it in situ
- gently cover it with a sterile cloth
- take a picture

Front 17

What answer does NOT describe sign of acute contusion of the abdominal wall:
- subcutaneous hematoma
- local palpable pain
- peritoneal irritation+
- phlegmon+

Back 17

What answer does NOT describe sign of acute contusion of the abdominal wall:
- subcutaneous hematoma
- local palpable pain
- peritoneal irritation
- phlegmon

Front 18

With a penetrating wound in right mesogastrium, we suspect the following injured organs:
- kidney, head of the pancreas, spleen
- small intestine, ascending colon, kidney+
- stomach, gallbladder, descending colon
- head of the pancreas, kidney, duodenum+

Back 18

With a penetrating wound in right mesogastrium, we suspect the following injured organs:
- kidney, head of the pancreas, spleen
- small intestine, ascending colon, kidney
- stomach, gallbladder, descending colon
- head of the pancreas, kidney, duodenum

Front 19

Most frequently affected organs by blunt abdominal trauma are:
- spleen+
- liver+
- mesentery of small intestine
- retroperitoneum

Back 19

Most frequently affected organs by blunt abdominal trauma are:
- spleen
- liver
- mesentery of small intestine
- retroperitoneum

Front 20

Traumatic hernia of the abdominal wall:
- does not exist
- is very common
- can imitate a hematoma+
- ultrasound is a part of the diagnostic algorithm+

Back 20

Traumatic hernia of the abdominal wall:
- does not exist
- is very common
- can imitate a hematoma
- ultrasound is a part of the diagnostic algorithm

Front 21

A traumatic bleeding into the rectus sheet most likely originates from the:
- umbilical artery
- superficial epigastric artery
- inferior epigastric artery+
- superior epigastric artery+

Back 21

A traumatic bleeding into the rectus sheet most likely originates from the:
- umbilical artery
- superficial epigastric artery
- inferior epigastric artery
- superior epigastric artery

Front 22

Injury of the hollow abdominal organs is mostly caused by:
- excessive strain of the abdominal wall
- blunt abdominal trauma+
- penetrating abdominal trauma+
- serial fractures of the ribs

Back 22

Injury of the hollow abdominal organs is mostly caused by:
- excessive strain of the abdominal wall
- blunt abdominal trauma
- penetrating abdominal trauma
- serial fractures of the ribs

Front 23

Trauma of the hollow abdominal organs most frequent manifests by:
- hematemesis
- peritonitis+
- dyspnea
- hemoperitoneum+

Back 23

Trauma of the hollow abdominal organs most frequent manifests by:
- hematemesis
- peritonitis
- dyspnea
- hemoperitoneum

Front 24

Iatrogenic lesion of the hollow abdominal organ occurs mostly during:
- colposcopy
- colonoscopy+
- gastroscopy+
- cystoscopy

Back 24

Iatrogenic lesion of the hollow abdominal organ occurs mostly during:
- colposcopy
- colonoscopy
- gastroscopy
- cystoscopy

Front 25

In cause of lesion of the hollow abdominal organs we could observe:
- very often pneumoperitoneum on the X- ray+
- development of the acute peritonitis+
- hematuria
- constipation

Back 25

In cause of lesion of the hollow abdominal organs we could observe:
- very often pneumoperitoneum on the X- ray
- development of the acute peritonitis
- hematuria
- constipation

Front 26

Lesion of the hollow abdominal organs is diagnosed by:
- computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis+
- gastroscopy
- clinical investigation+
- angiography

Back 26

Lesion of the hollow abdominal organs is diagnosed by:
- computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis
- gastroscopy
- clinical investigation
- angiography

Front 27

The liver anatomically consists of the:
- 2 segments
- 5 segments
- right and left hepatic lobe+
- 8 segments+

Back 27

The liver anatomically consists of the:
- 2 segments
- 5 segments
- right and left hepatic lobe
- 8 segments

Front 28

Most frequent cause of liver trauma is:
- blunt contusion of the abdominal wall (direct mechanism)+
- penetrating trauma (shooting wounds, stabbing wounds)+
- indirect mechanism par contre coup
- per-operation lesions

Back 28

Most frequent cause of liver trauma is:
- blunt contusion of the abdominal wall (direct mechanism)
- penetrating trauma (shooting wounds, stabbing wounds)
- indirect mechanism par contre coup
- per-operation lesions

Front 29

Liver trauma manifests frequently as:
- hemobilia+
- hemoperitoneum+
- pneumoperitoneum
- chylascos

Back 29

Liver trauma manifests frequently as:
- hemobilia
- hemoperitoneum
- pneumoperitoneum
- chylascos

Front 30

Liver trauma manifest frequently as:
- bradycardia as a result of the bile effusion
- tachycardia+
- circulatory failure+
- icterus

Back 30

Liver trauma manifest frequently as:
- bradycardia as a result of the bile effusion
- tachycardia
- circulatory failure
- icterus

Front 31

Blunt liver trauma could be diagnosed using:
- USG investigation+
- endoscopy
- CT investigation+
- native X-ray of the abdomen

Back 31

Blunt liver trauma could be diagnosed using:
- USG investigation
- endoscopy
- CT investigation
- native X-ray of the abdomen

Front 32

Ventilating pneumothorax is:
- life threatening +
- caused by a tension pneumothorax+
- not treated with thoracic drainage
- indicated for conservative therapy

Back 32

Ventilating pneumothorax is:
- life threatening
- caused by a tension pneumothorax
- not treated with thoracic drainage
- indicated for conservative therapy

Front 33

Clinic signs of pneumothorax are:
- respiratory difficulties+
- wound in the thoracic wall, light red-coloured blood is flown out, mostly stubbing or shooting wounds+
- paleness, icterus
- sound of escaping CO2

Back 33

Clinic signs of pneumothorax are:
- respiratory difficulties
- wound in the thoracic wall, light red-coloured blood is flown out, mostly stubbing or shooting wounds
- paleness, icterus
- sound of escaping CO2

Front 34

Hemothorax is characterized:
- bleeding in pleural cavity connected with complete or partial lung collapse+
- paleness, anemia, sometimes hemoptysis, hypotension, bradycardia
- frequently non-traumatic origin
- clinically shortened percussion above lung+

Back 34

Hemothorax is characterized:
- bleeding in pleural cavity connected with complete or partial lung collapse
- paleness, anemia, sometimes hemoptysis, hypotension, bradycardia
- frequently non-traumatic origin
- clinically shortened percussion above lung

Front 35

Pneumothorax is divided into:
- traumatic and spontaneous+
- closed, opened, caused by hypotension
- complete + partial+
- bilious and meconious

Back 35

Pneumothorax is divided into:
- traumatic and spontaneous
- closed, opened, caused by hypotension
- complete + partial
- bilious and meconious

Front 36

Thoracic trauma is investigated by:
- echocardiography
- clinically and using X-ray of the thorax+
- body pletysmography
- computed tomography+

Back 36

Thoracic trauma is investigated by:
- echocardiography
- clinically and using X-ray of the thorax
- body pletysmography
- computed tomography

Front 37

Block rib fracture leads to:
- paradoxical ventilation+
- respiratory failure+
- hemoptysis
- subileus status

Back 37

Block rib fracture leads to:
- paradoxical ventilation
- respiratory failure
- hemoptysis
- subileus status

Front 38

Spontaneous pneumothorax means:
- spontaneous thoracic trauma
- non traumatic pneumothorax+
- traumatic pneumothorax
- caused by emphysematous bulla+

Back 38

Spontaneous pneumothorax means:
- spontaneous thoracic trauma
- non traumatic pneumothorax
- traumatic pneumothorax
- caused by emphysematous bulla

Front 39

Traumatic laceration of the lungs is connected with:
- pneumothorax, hemothorax+
- severe respiratory failure+
- spleen rupture
- abdominal compartment syndrome

Back 39

Traumatic laceration of the lungs is connected with:
- pneumothorax, hemothorax
- severe respiratory failure
- spleen rupture
- abdominal compartment syndrome

Front 40

Isolated rib fracture might lead to the trauma of:
- spleen and liver+
- lung and pleura+
- vocal cords
- presacral plexus

Back 40

Isolated rib fracture might lead to the trauma of:
- spleen and liver
- lung and pleura
- vocal cords
- presacral plexus

Front 41

Trauma of the trachea manifests as:
- brain edema
- mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema+
- acute cardiac failure
- dyspnea and hemoptysis+

Back 41

Trauma of the trachea manifests as:
- brain edema
- mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema
- acute cardiac failure
- dyspnea and hemoptysis

Front 42

Sternum trauma arises:
- by hyperextension of the spinal column
- direct anterior wall thoracic trauma+
- by thoracic compression+
- spontaneously

Back 42

Sternum trauma arises:
- by hyperextension of the spinal column
- direct anterior wall thoracic trauma
- by thoracic compression
- spontaneously

Front 43

Traumatic hemothorax manifests as:
- subcutaneous emphysema every time
- pneumohemothorax every time
- covered pleural cavity+
- weakened respiration+

Back 43

Traumatic hemothorax manifests as:
- subcutaneous emphysema every time
- pneumohemothorax every time
- covered pleural cavity
- weakened respiration

Front 44

Bilateral lung contusion is:
- life threatening status+
- ATB therapy is indicated+
- surgery is usually not indicated
- hemodialysis is necessary

Back 44

Bilateral lung contusion is:
- life threatening status
- ATB therapy is indicated
- surgery is usually not indicated
- hemodialysis is necessary

Front 45

Stab wounds of the lung leads to:
- hemothorax+
- craniotomy
- respiratory insufficiency+
- crush syndrome

Back 45

Stab wounds of the lung leads to:
- hemothorax
- craniotomy
- respiratory insufficiency
- crush syndrome

Front 46

Two most frequent traumas of the thoracic aorta are:
- ascending aorta
- aortic arch
- aortic isthmus+
- descending aorta+

Back 46

Two most frequent traumas of the thoracic aorta are:
- ascending aorta
- aortic arch
- aortic isthmus
- descending aorta

Front 47

Two most frequent sites of arterial trauma are:
- head and neck
- thorax
- upper extremities+
- lower extremities+

Back 47

Two most frequent sites of arterial trauma are:
- head and neck
- thorax
- upper extremities
- lower extremities

Front 48

Most frequent cause of arterial thoracic trauma is:
- domestic violence
- work connected trauma+
- traffic accidents+
- home connected trauma

Back 48

Most frequent cause of arterial thoracic trauma is:
- domestic violence
- work connected trauma
- traffic accidents
- home connected trauma

Front 49

Typical trauma of the thoracic aorta and its branches is:
- deceleration+
- complete interruption
- acute aortic closure
- penetrating stub or shotgun wounds+

Back 49

Typical trauma of the thoracic aorta and its branches is:
- deceleration
- complete interruption
- acute aortic closure
- penetrating stub or shotgun wounds

Front 50

Suspicion for blunt thoracic aorta trauma is investigated:
- clinically+
- by NMR
- by X-ray scan
- by CT angiography+

Back 50

Suspicion for blunt thoracic aorta trauma is investigated:
- clinically
- by NMR
- by X-ray scan
- by CT angiography

Front 51

Necessary in penetrating thoracal aorta and its branches is:
- clinical investigation+
- CT angiography
- X-ray scan
- urgent surgery+

Back 51

Necessary in penetrating thoracal aorta and its branches is:
- clinical investigation
- CT angiography
- X-ray scan
- urgent surgery

Front 52

Penetrating thoracal trauma could be complicated by:
- sepsis
- heart tamponade+
- exsanguination+
- acute cardiac failure

Back 52

Penetrating thoracal trauma could be complicated by:
- sepsis
- heart tamponade
- exsanguination
- acute cardiac failure

Front 53

Necessary in deceleration aortic trauma is:
- hemostasis
- assurance of life functions+
- transport to the hospital+
- prevention of infected complications

Back 53

Necessary in deceleration aortic trauma is:
- hemostasis
- assurance of life functions
- transport to the hospital
- prevention of infected complications

Front 54

Thoracal aorta trauma is most frequently caused by:
- pneumothorax
- thoracal vertebra fracture+
- fall from height+
- pneumomediastinum

Back 54

Thoracal aorta trauma is most frequently caused by:
- pneumothorax
- thoracal vertebra fracture
- fall from height
- pneumomediastinum

Front 55

Therapy of decelerating aortic trauma is:
- always surgery
- mainly surgery
- mainly endovascular therapy+
- surgery in indicated cases+

Back 55

Therapy of decelerating aortic trauma is:
- always surgery
- mainly surgery
- mainly endovascular therapy
- surgery in indicated cases

Front 56

Stent graft could be therapeutically used by:
- decelerating aortic trauma+
- subclavian artery trauma+
- crural arteries trauma
- external carotid trauma

Back 56

Stent graft could be therapeutically used by:
- decelerating aortic trauma
- subclavian artery trauma
- crural arteries trauma
- external carotid trauma

Front 57

Complication of aortic decelerating trauma could be:
- abdominal aorta aneurysm
- false thoracal aneurysm+
- aortic dissection aneurysm+
- arteria poplitea aneurysm

Back 57

Complication of aortic decelerating trauma could be:
- abdominal aorta aneurysm
- false thoracal aneurysm
- aortic dissection aneurysm
- arteria poplitea aneurysm

Front 58

Thoracal aorta trauma surgery uses:
- right side thoracotomy
- sternotomy+
- left side thoracotomy+
- laparotomy

Back 58

Thoracal aorta trauma surgery uses:
- right side thoracotomy
- sternotomy
- left side thoracotomy
- laparotomy

Front 59

The aortic isthmus is located:
- in aortic arch
- under left subclavian artery+
- between arch and descending aorta+
- under brachiocephalic trunk

Back 59

The aortic isthmus is located:
- in aortic arch
- under left subclavian artery
- between arch and descending aorta
- under brachiocephalic trunk

Front 60

Subcutaneous emphysema can be associated with:
- tracheal injuries+
- pneumothorax+
- great vessels injury
- lung contusion

Back 60

Subcutaneous emphysema can be associated with:
- tracheal injuries
- pneumothorax
- great vessels injury
- lung contusion

Front 61

The chest wall serves in important functions:
- protects the vital intrathoracic and upper abdominal organs from externally applied forces+
- play an integral role in respiration+
- play an integral role in circulation
- play an integral role in digestion

Back 61

The chest wall serves in important functions:
- protects the vital intrathoracic and upper abdominal organs from externally applied forces
- play an integral role in respiration
- play an integral role in circulation
- play an integral role in digestion

Front 62

Flail-chest injury results in abnormalities of:
- ventilation+
- spinal column moving
- oxygenation+
- circulation in aorta

Back 62

Flail-chest injury results in abnormalities of:
- ventilation
- spinal column moving
- oxygenation
- circulation in aorta

Front 63

Physical examination - palpation of chest wall injury may reveal:
- fractures of the ribs or clavicle+
- lung contusion
- subcutaneous emphysema+
- hemothorax

Back 63

Physical examination - palpation of chest wall injury may reveal:
- fractures of the ribs or clavicle
- lung contusion
- subcutaneous emphysema
- hemothorax

Front 64

First steps in examination in chest injury are:
- physical examination+
- diagnostic puncture of pleural cavity
- CT scan of thorax
- chest x-ray+

Back 64

First steps in examination in chest injury are:
- physical examination
- diagnostic puncture of pleural cavity
- CT scan of thorax
- chest x-ray

Front 65

Which symptoms are present in a flail chest injury?
- dyspnea and cyanosis+
- hypertension
- paradoxical motion of segments of the chest wall+
- retrosternal pain

Back 65

Which symptoms are present in a flail chest injury?
- dyspnea and cyanosis
- hypertension
- paradoxical motion of segments of the chest wall
- retrosternal pain

Front 66

Which concomitant injuries are associated with sternal fractures?
- cardiac contusion+
- spleen rupture
- rib fractures+
- lung contusion

Back 66

Which concomitant injuries are associated with sternal fractures?
- cardiac contusion
- spleen rupture
- rib fractures
- lung contusion

Front 67

The diagnosis of flail- chest injury is made by:
- physical examination- inspection of patient in the anterior, posteriori, and both lateral directions+
- ultrasonography of thorax
- multidetector computed tomography+
- radiographs

Back 67

The diagnosis of flail- chest injury is made by:
- physical examination- inspection of patient in the anterior, posteriori, and both lateral directions
- ultrasonography of thorax
- multidetector computed tomography
- radiographs

Front 68

Perforation of the intrathoracic esophagus causing:
- mediastinitis+
- pneumothorax
- hemothorax
- mediastinal emphysema+

Back 68

Perforation of the intrathoracic esophagus causing:
- mediastinitis
- pneumothorax
- hemothorax
- mediastinal emphysema

Front 69

For diagnosis of esophageal perforation, which of the following is/are recommened:
- esophagography+
- ultrasonography
- chest X-ray
- multi-detector computed tomography+

Back 69

For diagnosis of esophageal perforation, which of the following is/are recommened:
- esophagography+
- ultrasonography
- chest X-ray
- multi-detector computed tomography+

Front 70

What is the most important examination in hemodynamically unstable patient with abdominal trauma?
- physical+
- diagnostic peritoneal lavage
- abdominal ultrasonography+
- laparoscopy

Back 70

What is the most important examination in hemodynamically unstable patient with abdominal trauma?
- physical
- diagnostic peritoneal lavage
- abdominal ultrasonography
- laparoscopy

Front 71

Causes of hemoperitoneum in abdominal trauma is:
- liver laceration+
- pancreas contusion
- rupture of small bowel
- spleen rupture+

Back 71

Causes of hemoperitoneum in abdominal trauma is:
- liver laceration
- pancreas contusion
- rupture of small bowel
- spleen rupture

Front 72

Clinical symptoms of blunt intraabdominal trauma are:
- abdominal pain, tenderness, distention, diminished peristaltic sounds+
- thoracic pain, dyspnea, cyanosis
- hypotension, tachycardia+
- altered mental status

Back 72

Clinical symptoms of blunt intraabdominal trauma are:
- abdominal pain, tenderness, distention, diminished peristaltic sounds
- thoracic pain, dyspnea, cyanosis
- hypotension, tachycardia
- altered mental status

Front 73

Traumatic rupture of the spleen can be combined with:
- fractures of lower ribs of left side+
- perforation of duodenum
- fracture of upper ribs of left side
- contusion or rupture of the pancreatic tail+

Back 73

Traumatic rupture of the spleen can be combined with:
- fractures of lower ribs of left side
- perforation of duodenum
- fracture of upper ribs of left side
- contusion or rupture of the pancreatic tail

Front 74

Blunt trauma associated with rapid deceleration causes two different types of vascular injury in the abdomen:
- avulsion of small branches from the major vessels+
- completely disrupt exposed vessels
- intimal tear with secondary thrombosis of lumen+
- rupture of abdominal aorta

Back 74

Blunt trauma associated with rapid deceleration causes two different types of vascular injury in the abdomen:
- avulsion of small branches from the major vessels
- completely disrupt exposed vessels
- intimal tear with secondary thrombosis of lumen
- rupture of abdominal aorta

Front 75

Which is/are important for diagnosis of pancreatic injury:
- serum hyperamylasemia+
- free intraperitoneal air on abdomen radiograph
- result of contrast abdominal CT scan+
- hyperbilirubinemia

Back 75

Which is/are important for diagnosis of pancreatic injury:
- serum hyperamylasemia
- free intraperitoneal air on abdomen radiograph
- result of contrast abdominal CT scan
- hyperbilirubinemia

Front 76

Which associated injuries are common to pancreatic trauma?
- liver injury+
- large bowel injury
- duodenum and proximal small bowel injury+
- kidney injury

Back 76

Which associated injuries are common to pancreatic trauma?
- liver injury
- large bowel injury
- duodenum and proximal small bowel injury
- kidney injury

Front 77

Diagnostic adjunctive test in liver injury are:
- ultrasonography+
- abdomen x-ray
- diagnostic peritoneal lavage
- multidetector computed tomography scanning+

Back 77

Diagnostic adjunctive test in liver injury are:
- ultrasonography
- abdomen x-ray
- diagnostic peritoneal lavage
- multidetector computed tomography scanning

Front 78

Significant hepatic injury may occur as a result of:
- motor-vehicular deceleration+
- jump to swimming- pool
- falls
- direct impact+

Back 78

Significant hepatic injury may occur as a result of:
- motor-vehicular deceleration
- jump to swimming- pool
- falls
- direct impact

Front 79

Splenic injury may manifest clinically:
- through irritation of the peritoneum from intraperitoneal hemorrhage+
- through respiratory failure
- in signs and symptoms caused by acute blood loss+
- pain in the right shoulder

Back 79

Splenic injury may manifest clinically:
- through irritation of the peritoneum from intraperitoneal hemorrhage
- through respiratory failure
- in signs and symptoms caused by acute blood loss
- pain in the right shoulder

Front 80

Contusion of the kidney manifests usually as:
- hematuria+
- anuria
- pain+
- uremia

Back 80

Contusion of the kidney manifests usually as:
- hematuria
- anuria
- pain
- uremia

Front 81

Which of the following are not considered to be the most frequent complications of retroperitoneal trauma :
- paralytic ileus
- abscess
- hepatic failure+
- urinary stones+

Back 81

Which of the following are not considered to be the most frequent complications of retroperitoneal trauma :
- paralytic ileus
- abscess
- hepatic failure
- urinary stones

Front 82

Trauma of retroperitoneal organs is diagnosed by:
- urgent laparotomy only
- immediate CT, but not always with final outcome+
- native X- ray of the abdomen
- repeated monitoring of the patients state+

Back 82

Trauma of retroperitoneal organs is diagnosed by:
- urgent laparotomy only
- immediate CT, but not always with final outcome
- native X- ray of the abdomen
- repeated monitoring of the patients state

Front 83

Pancreas trauma:
- often is single
- elevated amylase and lipase have important prognostic value+
- post-traumatic pancreatic fistula is common+
- could manifests as melena

Back 83

Pancreas trauma:
- often is single
- elevated amylase and lipase have important prognostic value
- post-traumatic pancreatic fistula is common
- could manifests as melena

Front 84

Trauma of biliary tree is mostly caused by:
- iatrogenic way during ERCP+
- penetrating abdominal trauma
- iatrogenic way during operation+
- blunt abdominal trauma

Back 84

Trauma of biliary tree is mostly caused by:
- iatrogenic way during ERCP
- penetrating abdominal trauma
- iatrogenic way during operation
- blunt abdominal trauma

Front 85

Perforating trauma of the gall bladder must be treated by:
- cholecystostomy
- drainage of the biliary tract
- cholecystectomy+
- drainage of sub-hepatic region+

Back 85

Perforating trauma of the gall bladder must be treated by:
- cholecystostomy
- drainage of the biliary tract
- cholecystectomy
- drainage of sub-hepatic region

Front 86

SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome):
- is always caused by bacterial or fungal infection
- often manifests as bradycardia and II. degree AV block
- is common after major surgery+
- can be complicated by failure of one or more organs or organ systems+

Back 86

SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome):
- is always caused by bacterial or fungal infection
- often manifests as bradycardia and II. degree AV block
- is common after major surgery
- can be complicated by failure of one or more organs or organ systems

Front 87

Severe sepsis and septic shock:
- is a major cause of death in non-cardiological ICUs+
- mortality ranges from 10 to 20%
- main causes of hypotension are systemic vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability+
- antibiotic therapy should not be started before cultivation results are obtained

Back 87

Severe sepsis and septic shock:
- is a major cause of death in non-cardiological ICUs
- mortality ranges from 10 to 20%
- main causes of hypotension are systemic vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability
- antibiotic therapy should not be started before cultivation results are obtained

Front 88

Intensive care is not indicated in these situations:
- patients over 75
- patients in terminal stages of cancer+
- patients with gastrointestinal bleeding
- the risk of intensive care is higher that supposed benefit+

Back 88

Intensive care is not indicated in these situations:
- patients over 75
- patients in terminal stages of cancer
- patients with gastrointestinal bleeding
- the risk of intensive care is higher that supposed benefit

Front 89

Complications of subclavian vein cannulation may include:
- pneumothorax+
- pneumoperitoneum
- hemothorax+
- empyema

Back 89

Complications of subclavian vein cannulation may include:
- pneumothorax
- pneumoperitoneum
- hemothorax
- empyema

Front 90

Methods of invasive monitoring do not include measurement of:
- central venous pressure
- intracranial pressure
- diuresis+
- rectal temperature+

Back 90

Methods of invasive monitoring do not include measurement of:
- central venous pressure
- intracranial pressure
- diuresis
- rectal temperature

Front 91

Complications of post-operative care caused by insufficient rehabilitation may include:
- pneumonia+
- laparotomy wound dehiscence
- pulmonary embolism+
- urinary tract infection

Back 91

Complications of post-operative care caused by insufficient rehabilitation may include:
- pneumonia
- laparotomy wound dehiscence
- pulmonary embolism
- urinary tract infection

Front 92

Normal saline (physiological saline):
- is 0.9% NaCl solution+
- can cause alkalosis
- can cause acidosis+
- is 5% NaCl solution

Back 92

Normal saline (physiological saline):
- is 0.9% NaCl solution
- can cause alkalosis
- can cause acidosis
- is 5% NaCl solution

Front 93

Indications for providing chest compressions are:
- asystole+
- sinus bradycardia
- atrial fibrillation
- ventricular fibrillation+

Back 93

Indications for providing chest compressions are:
- asystole
- sinus bradycardia
- atrial fibrillation
- ventricular fibrillation

Front 94

Basic equipment of every ICU bed includes:
- syringe pump+
- blood gas analyser
- intravenous infusion pump
- defibrillator+

Back 94

Basic equipment of every ICU bed includes:
- syringe pump
- blood gas analyser
- intravenous infusion pump
- defibrillator

Front 95

Colloid solutions:
- are cleared from intravascular space more rapidly than crystalloids
- decrease blood pressure
- increase blood pressure+
- can be composed of starch molecules+

Back 95

Colloid solutions:
- are cleared from intravascular space more rapidly than crystalloids
- decrease blood pressure
- increase blood pressure
- can be composed of starch molecules

Front 96

Crystalloid solutions:
- remain in bloodstream longer then colloid solution
- escape from bloodstream more slowly than colloids
- their disadvantage are possible allergic reactions+
- their advantage are minimal allergic reactions+

Back 96

Crystalloid solutions:
- remain in bloodstream longer then colloid solution
- escape from bloodstream more slowly than colloids
- their disadvantage are possible allergic reactions
- their advantage are minimal allergic reactions

Front 97

Surgical ICU:
- provides critical care for high-risk surgical patients+
- belongs to specialized ICUs+
- belongs to multidisciplinary ICUs
- should be part of the operation theatre sector

Separation of patients in ICUs:

Back 97

Surgical ICU:
- provides critical care for high-risk surgical patients
- belongs to specialized ICUs
- belongs to multidisciplinary ICUs
- should be part of the operation theatre sector

Separation of patients in ICUs:

Front 98

Separation of patients in ICUs:
- enables more effective utilization of nursing staff+
- decreases the risk of transmission of infection+
- provides more privacy for the patient
- is not suitable for the treatment of septic patients

Back 98

Separation of patients in ICUs:
- enables more effective utilization of nursing staff
- decreases the risk of transmission of infection
- provides more privacy for the patient
- is not suitable for the treatment of septic patients