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112 Cards in this Set
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MCC of intestinal obsruction |
Adhesion > hernia> volvulus> intususseption |
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MC site of intestinal instruction |
SI> LI |
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MCC for intestinal obstruction in the large bowel |
Malignancy > volvulus> diverticulosis> intususseption |
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MC site in large bowel |
Rectosigmoid region |
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Riggers triad |
Seen in gal stone kosis Pneumobliia Intestinal obstruction Ectopic gall stones |
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Riggers sign |
Intestinal perforation air enters the gut➡ double wall appearance f the veel in gut perforation |
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Rigglers index |
>1.8 indicates LVH |
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Rigglers notch |
Notch in the lung seen in ca lung |
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X-ray in gall stone ileus |
Signet ring sign |
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Congenital adhesion is known as |
Ladd's band |
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Treatment of ladd band |
Adhesiolysis Appendicectomy Widening of the mesentry |
Awa ( आओ) |
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Types of internal hernias |
Stammers hernia 🔹 Internal hernia through the rou limb
Peterson's hernia 🔹 Through the window of transverse mesocolon
Para duodenal hernia 🔹Left: through fossa of LANDZERT 🔹Right: through fossa of WALDEYER |
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Types of intususseption |
Based on direction 🔹Antegrade: ileocolic 🔹Retrograde:ileum inti stomach after GJ Based on segment 🔹Simple: ileocolic 🔹Complex: ileo-colo-colic Based on pathology 🔹Primary: GE, URTI 🔹Secondary:Lipoma,GIST |
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MCC of intestinal obstruction in children: |
Intususseption, ileocolic |
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MCC of intestinal obstruction in adults |
Atresia |
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Features of intususseption |
Step ladder fever 24 hours needed for producing intestinal obstructionlO/E sausage sign Doughnut sign on USG Doppler Dance sign:empty RIF Target sign:CECT Barium: Claw sign, meniscus sign, coiled springsign USG: Pseudo kidney, bulls eye sign |
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MC volvulis |
Sigmoid volvulus> caecal volvulis |
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TRIAD of gastric volvulus |
BORCHARDTS TRIAD epigastric pain Nausea, severe retching ,Mild vomitus Inability to pass ryles tube |
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Caecal volvulus |
Tear drop sign / Coma sign on xray |
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Sigmoid volvulus sign in xray |
Coffee bean sign or pair of scales or omega sign or bent inner tube sign |
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Sigmoid volvulus on barium study |
Bird beak Spade of ace bird of prey sign |
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Types of de functioning colostomy |
Hartman's procedure Double barrel colostomy 🔹Paul miculicz End colostomy with mucus fistula |
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Complications of stomy |
Ist: necrosis 2nd : parastiomal herniation |
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Ileostomy is matured by |
Brook and turnball technique |
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Treatment of parastomal herniation |
Sugar and Baker technique Keyhole repair |
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Ileostomy for FAP and ulcerative clitis |
Koch's continent pouch |
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Disparity between gut opening and stoma is corrected by |
Mercedes Benz manoeuvre |
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Stoma maturation in difficult eversion |
Guyrope technique |
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Treatment of paralytic ileus |
Catch pole regimen |
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Ogilve's syndrome |
Pseudo obstruction due to impaired sacral nerves plexus |
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Treatment of ogilve's syndrome |
IV Erythromycin IV Neostigmine |
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MCCof mesenteric ischaemia |
Arterial cause, embolism ( SMA: distal to Middle colic artery) |
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MCC of lower limb ischemia |
A fib: due to obstruction at bifurcation of femorals V fib: due to obstruction at the bifurcation of aorta |
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Marston classification is used for |
Ischaemic colitis Gangrenous: complete mural necrosis Stricture: involves submucosa Transient: involvement of mucosa(MC, most dangerous) |
GST |
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Sign on xray in ischaemic colitis |
Thumbprinting sign |
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Most sensitive investigation in Meckel's diverticulum |
Radionucleotide scan |
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Baarths hernia |
Herniation of MD through umbilicus |
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Nerve supply of the colon |
T6 to T12 L1 to L3 |
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Cutting Right line of toldts |
Cattlevrasch manoeuvre |
RC |
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Cutting the left line of toldts |
Mottox manoeuvre |
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Paraduodenal artery |
Between the celiac artery and the SMA |
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Anastomosis between the IMA and SMA |
Arc of riolan Drummond's artery |
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Lymphatic drainage of the colon |
Submucosa➡ episodic l.n➡ para colic lymph nodes➡ intermediate l.n➡ principal l.n |
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Uses of barium study |
Diverticulosis Esophageal atresia Esophageal diverticula Esophageal leak or perforation Hiatus hernia |
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Classification of diverticulitis |
Hinchleys classification I: pericolic abscess II: Distant absc3ss but amenable to drainage III: Purulent peritonitis IV: Fecal peritonitis |
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Gene and chromosome in HD |
chromosome 13, Ret 10 gene |
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Stool description in HD |
Neonate: toothpaste like meconiuml child ren: constipation, goat pellet stools |
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Pull through operations for HD |
Modified Duhamel surgery Swensons pull through surgery Soave surgery |
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Variants of FAP |
Turcots syndrome: FAP+ Brain tumours( medulloblastoma or glioblastoma) AFAP Gardeners syndrome: FAP+ Congenital hypertrophy of ROE+Thyroid disease+ Desmoids + osteomas |
TAG |
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Types of HNPCC |
Lynch1 Lynch II |
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Seattle protocol and Prague classification used fr |
Barrett's esophagus |
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Types of hamartomatous polyps |
Juvenile polyps Cowden syndrome Cronkite canada syndrome Banyan Riley ruvalcaba syndrome |
JCC college |
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Types of polyposis syndromes |
Juvenile adenomatous polyposis Peutz Jegher syndrome |
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Fundic polyp is seen in |
AFAP Chronic PPI use |
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Treatment of Hagitt 4 given by |
Kudos kikuchi classification |
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Classifications of colonic Cancer |
Dukes classification Aster Collins Cunderson CundersonTNM TNM |
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Classifications of colonic Cancer |
Dukes classification Aster Collins Cunderson CundersonTNM TNM |
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Bowel preparation |
BOSTONS classification |
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Barium in colon cancer |
Apple core deformity |
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Hemorrhoidectomy |
Open hemorrhoidectomy: Milligan and Morgan surgery Closed hemorrhoidectomy: park and Ferguson White hemorrhoidectomy Stapled hemorrhoidectomy |
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Location of hemorrhoids |
3 'o clock: left lateral 7'o clock: right postero lateral 11'o clock: right anter lateral |
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Classification of fistula in ano |
Parks classification: Intersphincteric fistula Transphincteric fistula Suprasphincteric fistula Extrasphincteric fistula |
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MRI criteria for fistula in ano |
St. James criteria |
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Surgeries for fistula in ano |
Fistulectomy Lay open fistulotomy LIFT: Ligation of intersphincteric fistulous tract Setons technique |
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Negro's regiman |
Chemoradiotherapy in anal carcinoma |
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Randall plaque |
Subepithelial deposit of calcium hydroxyapatite |
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Scoring system for stone probability |
JESS EQUIL-2 |
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Types of calcium stones |
Calcium oxalate-mulberry stones/Jack stones Uric acid stones- amorphous shards, orange Phosphate stones- coffin lid , white Indigo stones Drug induced stones Brushite stones: needle/ prismatic Ammonium urate stones Cysteine stones: hexagonal Structure stones: Staghorn stones |
CUPID BACS |
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Named stones |
Whevelite: calcium oxalate stone Wheddilite: calcium oxalate dihydrate Whitlokite: tri calcium phosphate(lokhande with trp) Brushite: calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite Stuvite: magnesium ammonium phosphate |
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Surgeries for renal stone Staghorn |
Pyelolithotomy Extended pyelolithotomy (Gilvernet procedure) Nephrolithotomy(anaplastic nephrolithotomy Bench surgery-auto transplantation |
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Bladder stones |
Primary: mixed- calcium oxalate, urate, uric acid-RO SECONDARY: Phosphate |
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Treatment for bladder stones |
Cystolithopexy |
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Site of impaction of ureteric stone |
PUJ VUJ At the crossing of iliac vessels At the crossing of vas deferens |
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Prostatic calculi is made of |
Calcified Corpora amylacea+ proteins, sugars, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate |
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Fracture in ESWL |
Spall fracture |
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Steinstrasse |
Street of stones Complication of ESWL. Treatment: Cystoscopic removal |
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Anterior urethral injury features |
Anuria Blood at meatus Butterfly hematoma |
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Posterior urethral injury features |
AnuriaBlood at meatus High riding prostate |
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Repair of urethral injury |
Councilman catheter Rail road/Mitchell blandy technique |
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Vermoutens sign |
High riding prostate felt during hematoma of pelvis |
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Eggplant sign seen in |
Penile trauma Swelling at the base of the pelvis following de tumescence during sexua intercourse |
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Signs seen in testicular torsion |
Prehns sign: done to differentiate epididimoorchitis form testicular torsion Clapper bell deformity: band of tissue between epididymis and testis |
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Blue dot sign |
Bluish discolouration of the scrotum due to the appendix of the testis torsion |
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Surgical procedure for undescended testis |
Orchidopexy Stevens false surgery |
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CECT finding of oncocytioma |
St3llate star appearance Spoke wheel appearance |
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Differentiate chromophobe ca from angiocytoma |
Halle colloid iron stain Par albumin Cytokeratin 7 Positive in chromophobe carcinoma |
Iron PC |
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Angiomyolipoma is positive for which soft tissue marker |
HMB 45+ |
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Wundalichs syndrome |
Spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding associated with angiomyolipoma |
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Dye implicated in the etiology of RCC |
THIODRAST MCC of angiosarcoma |
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Stauffers syndrome |
Non metastatic liver dysfunction Associated with para neoplastic syndrome in RCC |
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Syndromes associated with RCC |
VHL: VHL gene, chr 3p HPRCC: MET protoncogene, chr7 HPRCC:Fumarase hydratase gene,chr 1 Bum Hogg Dube syndrome :chr 17 |
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Classification of RCC |
Clear cel carcinoma Papillary cell carcinoma Chromophobe cell carcinoma Medullary carcinoma Collecting duct carcinima |
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MCcomplication of partial nephrectomy |
Hyper filtration syndrome |
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Treatment of hypospadiasis |
MAGPI repair Meatus based flap repair ( Mathews repair) |
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Treat?ent of epispadiasis |
Cantwell Ramsey surgery Reverse MAGPI surgery |
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Treatment of VUR |
Cohen's surgery Lead better politano technique |
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MC types of ca bladder |
Transitional cell / urothelial cell carcinoma |
Clement!! |
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Staging of bladder carcinoma |
Jewitt and Marshall staging |
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Treatment of bladder carcinoma |
T1 tumour G1,G2: trans urethral resection of bladder tumour+ single dose of intravesical chemotherapy G3: TURBT+ BCG (6weeks) T2,T3,T4 Radical/Partial cystectomy➡ chemotherapy ot RT |
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Intravesical chemotherapy agents |
BCG Epirubicin Mitomycin Paclitaxel PaclitaxelThio tela (not used nowadays) Thio tela (not used nowadays) |
BEMP |
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Diversion of urine post cystectomy |
Ureterosigmoidostomy 🔹 Right-rectum 🔹Left- sigmoid colon Ileal conduit Orthotopic new bladder (neo bladder) |
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BPH affects which lobes and zones of prostate |
Lobes: lateral and median Zones: central, periurethral |
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Decoy prostate |
Hematuria in BPH |
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IOC for BPH |
DRE+TRUS(Wantanbe) |
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Medical management of ca prostate |
Alpha blockers (Alfuzocin) 5 alpha reductase inhibitors( Finasteride, Dutasteride) |
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Open surgical procedures for ca prostate |
Frayers Procedure: Supra pubic prostatectomy. Milind's procedure: retropubic prostatectomy Young s procedure: Perenial prostatectomy |
Young milind and frana |
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Endoscopic surgical procedures |
TURP, TUNA,TUWP, TUIP, TUVP,TULIP, Photoselective evaporation of prostate HOLE-P: Holmium laser evaporation of prostate
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Manjunath in ot |
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Irritant used in TURP |
1.5 %glycine Mannitol |
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TURP syndrome |
Solutions hyponatremia Nausea, vomiting, headache Blurring of visionlHTN Bradycardia |
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Scoring system for ca prostate |
Gleesons scoring Mild: 2-4 Moderate: 5-7/ 10 Severe: 8-10/10 |
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Treatment for ca prostate |
Radical prostatectomy RT: 75 Gy CT Other drugs 🔹DES 🔹Anti androgen 🔹 LHRH agonist,antagonist 🔹 IV strontium |
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MEN |
MEN I (3 Ps) - Pituitary, Parathyroid, Pancreatic MEN IIa (2Ps, 1M) - Pheochromocytoma, Parathyroid, Medullary Thyroid Ca MEN IIb (1P, 2Ms) - Pheochromocytoma, Medullary Thyroid Ca, Marfanoid habitus/mucosal neuroma |
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