Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
criminalistics
|
application of science to those criminal and civil laws enforced by police and justice systems
|
|
physical science unit
|
chemistry, physics, geology applied to identify and compare CS evidence
|
|
biology unit
|
identification and DNA profiling of dried blood stains, bodily fluids, hairs, fibers, identification of woods and plants
|
|
firearms unit
|
identification of firearms, bullets, cartridge cases, shotgun shells, and ammunition
|
|
document examination unit
|
handwriting and typewriting on questioned documents (authenticity and source)
|
|
photography unit
|
examine and record physical evidence: digital imaging, infrated, ultraviolet & x-ray photography
|
|
toxicology unit
|
examines bodily fluids,& organs to determine if drugs and poisons were a factor in the crime
|
|
latent fingerprint unit
|
processing and examining for latent fingerprints
|
|
polygraph unit
|
lie detector, used in interrogation
|
|
voiceprint analysis
|
unique soundprints are compared to people from telephone threats, etc
|
|
evidence collection unit
|
collected evidence that will be processed in the lab is taken from these special workers
|
|
Frye standard
|
"generally accepted"
|
|
Daubert ruling
|
"general acceptance" is not an absolute prerequisite to the admissibility of the evidence
|
|
expert witness
|
if i witness can establish to the satisfaction of a trial judge that he or she posesses a particular skill or knowledge that will aid the court in determining the truth
|
|
forensic pathology
|
investigation of sudden, unnatural, unexplained or violent deaths
|
|
qualitative observation
|
observations that do NOT involve measurements or numbers
|
|
quantitative observations
|
observations that DO involve measurements or numbers
|
|
rigor mortis
|
after death, the shortening and stiffening of the body
|
|
livor mortis
|
after death, results in the settling of blood in areas of the body closest to the ground
|
|
algor mortis
|
postmortem changes that cause a body to lose heat
|
|
forensic entomology
|
the study of insects
|
|
forensic anthropology
|
identification and observation of human skelatol remains
|
|
forensic psychaitry
|
relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings is examined
|
|
forensic odontology
|
identification of the body through teeth and dental records (charred victims, etc)
|
|
forensic engineering
|
failure analysis, accident reconstruction, causes and oridins of fires or explosions
|
|
posessing crime scene
|
1. secure& isolate
2. record the scene 3. photograph 4. sketch 5. take notes 6. search for evidence 7. collect&package evidence 8. COC 9.reference samples |
|
physical evidence
|
any object that can link a crime and a victim or make an explanation
|
|
rough sketch
|
depiction of dimensions of the scene
|
|
finished sketch
|
drawn with care for aesthetic appearance (drafting tools, rulers)
|
|
search methods
|
1. spiral
2. grid method 3. sprip/line 4. zone/quadrant |
|
Loccard
|
cross transfer of evidence
|
|
chain of custody
|
standard procedures in recording location, identification, each person who handled the evidence
|
|
individual characteristics
|
evidence with an extremely high degree of probability, such as ridges of a fingerprint
|
|
class characteristics
|
evidence that is possessed by a group
|
|
refractive index=
|
velocity of light in a vacuum
_____________________________ velocity of light in a medium |
|
amorphous solids
|
solids that lack a definite arrangement in crystals
|
|
birefringence
|
phenomenon of double refraction of light waves in a transparent ordered material
|
|
tempered glass
|
glass that dices and doesnt shard
|
|
laminated glass
|
sandwiches plastic between two layers of ordinary glass window
|
|
becke line
|
bright halo near the border of the piece of glass in a liquid medium. it disappears when the refractive indices are the same
|
|
radial fractures
|
straight lines from the epicenter
|
|
concentric fractures
|
circles surrounding the hole
|
|
spectrophotometry
|
an analytical method for identifying a substance by its selective absorbtion of diff wavelengths of light
|
|
chromatography
|
seperating and tentatively identifying the components of a mixture
|
|
gas chromatography
|
separates mixtures on the basis of their distibution between a stationary liquid and moving gas phase
|
|
pyrolysis
|
decomposition of organic matter by heat
|
|
mass spectrophotometry
|
no two substances produce the same fragmental pattern
|
|
electrophoresis
|
separation of molecules through their migrationon a support medium whle under the influence of electrons
|
|
cuticle
|
scale structure covering the exterior of the hair
|
|
cortex
|
main body of the hair shaft
|
|
medulla
|
cellular column running through the center of the hair
|
|
medullary index
|
diameter of the medulla relative to the diameter of the hair
|
|
natural fibers
|
derived from plants or animal sources
|
|
man made fibers
|
rayon- 1911, nylon 1939
synthetic fibers |
|
automotive finishings
|
1. electrocaot primer
2. primer 3. basecoat 4. clearcoat |