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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What structures make up the outer ear?
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The pinna, external auditory meatus, and the tympanic membrane.
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Name the 3 ossicles.
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Malleus, incus, and stapes
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What connects the middle ear and the nasal cavity?
What does it do? |
The eustachian tube; it functions to equalize atmospheric pressure
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What is the attenuation reflex?
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The contraction of muscles in the middle ear, resulting in a reduction in auditory sensitivity. This is triggered by a loud sound.
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What are the functions of the attenuation reflex?
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help the ear adapt to continuous sounds at high intensities. protect the ear from sounds that are could damage it. it is also active when we speak so we don't hear ourselves as loudly as we otherwise would.
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What is a lemniscus?
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a collection of axons
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Why is the superior olive important?
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it is important for the localization of sound
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What is tonotopy?
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a systematic orientation of characteristic frequency within an auditory structure.
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What is spatial code?
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an arrangement of a sensory map, where neurons in a specific place respond to a particular stimulus.
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What Brodmann's Areas correspond to auditory cortex?
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41 and 42
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What are the functions of the vestibular system?
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(1) balance responses
(2) static equilibrium (3) sense of vertical position (4) visually center most effective retinal regions (foveate) (5) orient head & body in space, stabilizing ocular platform |
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Name the otolith organs.
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large chambers called the saccule and the utricle
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What are maculae?
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they are sensory epithelium contained with in the otolith organs.
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What do the vestibular organs sense?
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the otolith organs sense linear acceleration
the semicircular canals sense angular acceleration |
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What are cristae ampullares?
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they are the sensory cells in the semicircular canals
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What controls the extraocular muscle nerves III, IV, and VI during the vestibulo-ocular reflex
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the medial longitudinal fasciculus controls and integrates movements of the eye during VOR
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