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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole MOA |
Synergistic combination of folate antagonist blocks purine production and nucleic acid synthetis |
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Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole Effects |
Bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria |
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Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole Clinical use |
Urinary tract infections Respiratory tract, ear and sinus P jiroveci pneumonia Toxoplasmosis Nocardiosis |
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Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole PK Toxicity Interactions |
Oral, IV Renal clearance•half life 8h• dosed every 8-12 h• formulated in 5:1 ratio of sulfamethoxazole to trimethoprim Toxicity Rash, fever, bone marrow suppression, hyperkalemia |
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Sulfisoxazole |
Oral Only for lower urinary infections |
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Sulfadiazine+ pyrimethamine |
Oral, first line therapy for toxoplasmosis |
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Trimethoprim |
Oral Only for lower urinary tract infections Safe for patients with sulfonamide allergy |
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Pyrimethamine |
Oral First line therapy for toxoplasmosis with sulfadiazine Coadministration with leucovorin to limit bone marrow toxicity |
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Pyrimethamine- sulfadoxine |
Oral Second line malaria treatment |
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Ciprofloxacin MOA & effects |
Inhibits DnA replication by binding to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Bactericidal against susceptible bacteria |
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Ciprofloxacin Clinical use |
Urinary tract infection Gastroenteritis travellers diarrhea Osteomyelitis Anthrax Activity vs gonococci rapidly declining Limited use in tuberculosis |
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Ciprofloxacin PK, toxicity, interactions |
Oral, IV Mixed clearance, mostly renal half life 4h Dosed every 12h Divalent and trivalent cations impair oral absorption Toxicity GI upsets Neurotoxicity (dizziness, headache) Tendinitis due to effects on cartilage (avoid in young children and pregnancy) |
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Ofloxacin |
Oral Has improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Limited to urinary tract infections and nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis Eradicates chlamydiae trachomatis in 7d treatment |
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Levofloxacin |
Oral, IV L-isomer of ofloxacin Once daily dosing Renal clearance Respiratory fluoroquinolone with improved activity versus pneumococcus Active against community acquired pneumonia including Chlamydiae, mycoplasma, legionella |
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Moxifloxacin |
Oral, IV Respiratory fluoroquinolone Once daily dosing Improved activity vs anaerobes and m tuberculosis Hepatic clearance results in lower urinary levels- use in urinary tract infections is Not recommended |
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Gemifloxacin |
Oral Respiratory fluoroquinolone |
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Subclasses of fluoroquinolone |
1. Generation Norfloxacin
2. generation Ofloxacin Ciprofloxacin
3. Generation Levofloxacin
4. Generation Moxifloxacin
Gemifloxacin |
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Subclass of folate antagonists |
Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole Sulfisoxazole Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine Trimethoprim Pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine |
