Subtest 1: History And Social Science, Us History

Front 1

House of Burgesses (1619)

Back 1

An early colonial attempt at representative self-government

Front 2

Mayflower Compact (1620)

Back 2

The basis for government by the consent of the governed

Front 3

Early New England Economy (5)

Back 3

1. Shipbuilding
2. Fisheries
3. Commerce and trade
4. Lumbering
5. Small-scale manufacturing

Front 4

Early Middle Colonies Economy (3)

Back 4

1. Large-scale corn and grain production
2. Commerce and trade
3. Small-scale manufacturing

Front 5

Early Southern Colonies Economy (5)

Back 5

1. Cash crop farming
2. Tobacco
3. Indigo
4. Rice
5. No measurable manufacturing

Front 6

Proclamation Act (1763):
1. British Action?
2. Colonial Reaction?

Back 6

Colonists couldn't settle beyond the Appalachian Mountains

Hint 6

Seen as an attempt by the British to prevent colonists from owning land where they liked; colonists ignore the act.

Front 7

Sugar Act (1764):
1. British Action?
2. Colonial Reaction?

Back 7

Import duties on imports of sugar and other items

Hint 7

Issue of "taxation without representation" raised, Boston merchants boycott British luxury goods.

Front 8

Stamp Act (1765):
1. British Action?
2. Colonial Reaction? (3)

Back 8

Imposed first direct tax on American colonies, taxed all printed materials

Hint 8

1. "Son of Liberty" use violence and intimidation against tax collectors
2. Stamp Act Congress sends petition to King of England
3. Boycott in Boston of all British goods

Front 9

Declaratory Act (1765):
1. British Action? (2)
2. Colonial Reaction? (2)

Back 9

1. Repeals the Stamp Act
2. British gov declares total power to legislate any laws in the colonies

Hint 9

1. Colonists relax boycott on British goods
2. Colonists ignore Declaratory Act

Front 10

Quartering Act (1765):
1. British Action?
2. Colonial Reaction?

Back 10

Requires colonists to house British troops and supply them with food

Hint 10

Colonists in New York violently refuse to comply

Front 11

Townshend Revenue Acts (1767)
1. British Action?
2. Colonial Reaction?

Back 11

A new series of taxes on commonly used goods: paper, tea, glass, lead, and paint.

Hint 11

Boycott against British luxury items; Sam Adams issues the "Circular Letter" to denounce taxation and coordinate reaction among colonies.

Front 12

Boston Massacre (1770):
1. British Action?
2. Colonial Reaction?

Back 12

Boston mob harassed British soldiers, who fired point-blank into the crowd

Hint 12

Townshend Acts repealed, all duties on imports into the colonies eliminated (except tea)

Front 13

Tea Act (1773)
1. British Action?
2. Colonial Reaction?

Back 13

Maintains import tax on tea, gives British East India Company a tea monopoly

Hint 13

Boston Tea Party

Front 14

Coercive Acts ("Intolerable Acts") (1774)
1. British Action? (3)
2. Colonial Reaction? (3)

Back 14

1. Shuts down the port of Boston
2. Ends self-rule in MA
3. Creates the New Quartering Act for colonies

Hint 14

"First Continental Congress" meets and calls for
1. noncompliance with Coercive Acts
2. formation of militias
3. boycott and embargo on exports to Britain

Front 15

Lexington and Concord (1775):
1. British Action?
2. Colonial Reaction? (3)

Back 15

British troops search out weapons depots in colonies to destroy them

Hint 15

1. Armed "minutemen" face British on Lexington Green
2. "Continental Congress" meets and calls for volunteers
3. George Washington appointed commander of colonial army

Front 16

The Articles of Confederation (1781) Accomplishments (5)

Back 16

1. Establishes first gov for USA
2. Negotiates Treaty of Paris to end revolutionary war
3. Passes Land Ordinance of 1785
4. Passes Northwest Ordinance of 1787
5. Provided for declaring war and establishing a military

Front 17

Land Ordinance of 1785

Back 17

Creates a system for western land surveys and provisions for land sales

Front 18

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Back 18

Establishes a process for western frontier regions to organize into territories and become new states.

Front 19

Problems with the Articles of Confederation (8)

Back 19

1. Inefficient, relied on requesting funds from states.
2. Did not bind states together into a true union.
3. No centralized control over trade (states impose tariffs on each other)
4. Each state continues to use its own currency
5. No authority to borrow money (inside or outside the USA)
6. No balance in Congress between large and small states (created a unicameral legislative branch)
7. Changes/amendments need unanimous approval
8. No executive branch to balance power of Congress or ensure that laws are carried out.

Front 20

US Constitution (1788):
Separation of Powers

Back 20

Created Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches

Front 21

US Constitution (1788):
Checks and Balances for Executive Branch (2)

Back 21

1. Veto in Congress
2. Appointment of judges and government officials

Front 22

US Constitution (1788):
Checks and Balances for Legislative Branch (3)

Back 22

1. Override presidential vetoes with vote
2. Approve presidential appointments
3. Impeachment of presidents and judges

Front 23

US Constitution (1788):
Checks and Balances for Judicial Branch

Back 23

1. Legislative oversight
2. Independence guaranteed through lifetime appointments

Front 24

US Constitution (1788):
Federal System

Back 24

shared between the central government and the states

Front 25

US Constitution (1788):
Power of Congress (7)

Back 25

Power to...
1. Regulate trade
2. Mint and distribute currency
3. Declare War
4. Impose tariffs
5. Establish immigration laws
6. Tax and borrow money
7. Maintain military forces

Front 26

US Constitution (1788):
The Great Compromise

Back 26

Creates a bicameral Congress to balance interests of large and small states (House of Representatives and US Senate)

Front 27

US Constitution (1788):
Bill of Rights

Back 27

Protects the rights of individuals and safeguard the sovereignty of the states over their own affairs (10th Amendment)

Front 28

US Constitution (1788):
Amendments

Back 28

Establishes process for amendments and requires...
1. 3/4 approval of states and
2. 2/3 of each house of Congress

Front 29

Federalist Party (Hamilton):
View on Constitutional Powers (3)

Back 29

1. "Loose Construction"
2. Must be able to do "anything that is necessary and proper" according to the Constitution
3. Centralized authority in national government

Front 30

Federalist Party (Hamilton):
Building Blocks of the Nation (4)

Back 30

1. Expansion and growth
2. Banking
3. Investment in Business
4. Manufacturing

Front 31

Federalist Party (Hamilton):
Foreign Policy (3)

Back 31

1. Pro-England
2. Conservative
3. Constitutional Monarchy

Front 32

Democratic-Republican Party (Jefferson):
View on Constitutional Powers (3)

Back 32

1. "Strick Construction"
2. Avoid tyranny by interpreting Constitution strictly and literally.
3. Decentralized authority, power lies in the states

Front 33

Democratic-Republican Party (Jefferson):
Building Blocks of the Nation

Back 33

Yeoman farmers (sovereignty of the people)

Front 34

Democratic-Republican Party (Jefferson):
Foreign Policy (3)

Back 34

1. Pro-France
2. Revolutionary
3. Republicanism

Front 35

Causes of the War of 1812 (4)

Back 35

1. British seizure of American merchant ships and sailors
2. Conflict over frontier land
3. War Hawks in Congress advocated pushing the British out of the Frontier and Canada
4. Violations of the US neutrality in the war between France and England

Front 36

Results of the War of 1812 (4)

Back 36

1. US national pride, self-sufficiency, foreign credibility
2. Era of Good Feelings (political success of Anti-Federalist party)
3. Development of US patriotic, national culture
4. Westward expansion encouraged by removal of British

Front 37

Whig Party

Back 37

replaced the Federalist party in name, still pro-centralized government

Front 38

Andrew Jackson

Back 38

Democratic president who championed the cause of "the common man" and the expansionist frontier spirit

Front 39

Key Issues in "Jacksonian Democracy" (3)

Back 39

1. War agains the bank and the tariff
2. "Spoils system" of rise to presidency, get to choose your cabinet and fill it with friends
3. Pursued nationalistic policies

Front 40

Mexican-American War (1848) Gains

Back 40

victory for United States, treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo cedes Utah, Nevada, California, Arizona, and New Mexico to the US

Front 41

Causes of the Civil War

Back 41

1. Socioeconomic Differences: South needs slaves to maintain way of life, North is industrial and does not
2. Differing government models: South wants decentralized state governments that can nullify federal laws, North does not
3. Expansion of Slavery: South needs new fertile land to continue growing cotton using slavery, north does not want new slave states

Front 42

Presidential Reconstruction Plan post-Civil War

Back 42

"With malice towards none", emphasizes tolerance for the defeated South, compromise on slave rights: provisional governors protect rights of freed slaves

Front 43

Congressional "Radical" Reconstruction post-Civil War

Back 43

Controlled reconstruction from 1868-1876.

Emphasized the use of military force in treating the South like a conquered territory, demands equal rights, full suffrage, and right to vote to all freed slaves

Front 44

Causes of Industrial Growth in America post-Civil War

Back 44

1. Westward expansion (mining, cattle, grain)
2. New inventions
3. Extraction of raw materials
4. Development of mass production techniques (assembly line, division of labor)
5. Greater connectivity: communication and transportation expands
6. Expanding domestic and international markets increase demand

Front 45

Results of Industrial Growth in America post-Civil War

Back 45

1. Development of steel, mining, electric, petroleum, textile, and food-processing industries
2. Labor Unions created from problems with the factory system
3. Rise of cities
4. Need for government intervention increases to protect rights of citizens from corporations (anti-monopoly laws, worker's comp, child labor, minimum wages)
5. Need to conserve natural resources increases

Front 46

Declaration of Sentiments (1848) (4)

Back 46

1. Discussed the social and political conditions of women
2. Voiced opposition to slavery
3. "We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal..."
4. Held at Seneca Falls, NY