Sts Reviewer 7-12

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UDHR

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Preamble and 30 Articles

December 10,1948

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Preamble (UDHR)

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Inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace.

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First 5 Articles of UDHR

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Right to equality

Freedom from discrimination

Right to life, liberty, and personal security

Freedom from slavery and servitude

Freedom from torment and degrading treatment

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Article 27 UDHR

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Also known as "Right to science and culture"

Right to participate in cultural activities and share scientific advancement and benefits

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Scientist and policy-makers

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Burden to pursue right to science

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1945

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Nuremberg trials/ Doctors Trial

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Nuremberg Code

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10 points of ethical medical experiments

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Clinical Research Ethics

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Applied ethics; branch of ethics/ moral philosophy

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Ethics

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Provide a moral point of view

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Ethical Decision-Making Framework (Science)

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Consider issue, argument in situatio requiring decision

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Essential Elements in Decision Making

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Stakeholders

Possible options

Argument each option

Rational decision backed with moral principles

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Moral Principles

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Guide in making ethical decision

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Approach in Medical Ethics

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Autonomy

Non-maleficence

Beneficence

Justice

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Ethical matrix

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Helps in decision making of non-philosophers

Identify ethic relevant consideration

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Ben Mepham

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Developed ethical matrix

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3 Principles of Ethical Matrix

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Well being

Autonomy

Justice

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Wellbeing

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Maximization of good

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Autonomy

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Freedom

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Fairness

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Respect for justice and law

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Code of ethics of Scientist and Engineers

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To perform work in ethic manner

Rules they must abide in

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Purpose of code of ethics

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Establish standards of conduct

Formulate rules on discipline

Prepare framework resolving conflicts

Manage public expectations

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Ethic Principles and Guidelines for Filipino Students

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Guide Filipino Scientist achieve professionalism and ethic behavior

proposed by National Academy of Science and Technology

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General Principles (Ethical Principles and Guidelines of Filipino Scientist)

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1. Ethical Scientific Practices

2. Ethical Use of Science

3. Conflict of Interest

4. Intellectual Honesty

5. Weighing of benefits of Science vis a vis potential harm

6. Commitment to professional development

7. Development of students and stakeholders

8. Advocacy for Scientific Approaches

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Article 1( Code of ethics for chem practitioners

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Chem professionals has obligation to society

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Section 3 of GP (Chem)

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chemist are to abide by rules protecting environment

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Intention

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Commitment to goal

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Technology

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Achieve certain purpose

Object, knowledge, and activity

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Albert Borgmann

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3 approaches to technology

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3 essential approach to technology

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Substantive view

Instrumentalists view

Pluralist view

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Substantive View

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Tech is force of its own

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Instrumentalist view

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Instrument to achieve social values wherein social values is independent of technology

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Pluralist view

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Dynamic interaction between technology and social values

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Promise of Technology (Borgmann)

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Bring forces of nature under our control.

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Device paradigm

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Remove ambiguity

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Borgmann devices

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Woodstove and TV

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Singularity is Near; When Humans Transcends Human Biology

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Ray Kurzwell

Technology is can drive society to singularity

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Singularity

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Intelligence of machine is same as human

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3 Technologies

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Genetics

Nanotechnology

Robotics

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Bill Joy

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Co founder of Sun Microsystems

Warned how Genetics, nano and robotics threaten human to endangered species

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Robotics

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Use and development of robots

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Robots

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Programmable machines capable of motion and interaction

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Artificial intelligence

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Seeks to develop intelligent computational systems

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Rossum's Universal Robots

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Play by Karel Capek

Depicts creation of humanoid slaves

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Robota

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Czech word

"Forced Labor"

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2 classification of Robots

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International Federation of Robotics

Service Robot

Industrial Robot

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Service robot

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Performs task for humans except industrial automation applications

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Industrial Robots

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Industrial setting

Programmable in 3 axes

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1954

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UNIMATE is developed by George Devol

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Joseph Engelberger

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Further developed unimate

Founded Unimation, Inc (1956)

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Partial Autonomous Robots

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Require human input

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Fully Autonomous robot

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Equipped with AI, interacts with surrounding, Minimal to no human intervention

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Roboethics

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Encourage beneficial use of robots to society and prevent misuse

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Gianmarco Veruggio

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Coined roboethics

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Isaac Asimov

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3 laws of robotics

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3 laws of robotics

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1.Robot may not injure human through inaction

2. Robot must obey orders unless in conflict of 1st law

3. Robot must protect its existence unless in conflict with first and second law

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Zeroth law of robotics

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No harm to human through action or inaction

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Telesurgery

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Surgeon and patient is separated

Blames falls on programmer, producer and owner

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Robotic Liability Matrix

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Assigned weight on the liabilities shouldered by involved parties

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Social Robots

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Interacts with humans

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Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility (ASIMo)

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Honda

Bi-pedal robot in domestic environment

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Sophia

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Hanson robotics

Human-AI collab leads to symbiosis

Service-entertainment robot

Saudi Arabian Citizenship

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Information Age

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Easy access of information

Computer Age; Digital Age; New Media Age

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James Messenger

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Father of information age

Book: Death of the American phone and Telegraph

Theory of Information Age(1982)

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Johannes Gutenberg

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First printing press

Initiated information and communication revolution

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Periods of Information Revolution

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1. Print based/ Gutenberg Era

2. Pre-digital developments

3. Internet

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Eras that influenced Information revolution

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Renaissance

Scientific Revolution

Industrial Revolution

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First electronic general purpose computer

Weighed 30 tons, 1000 square feet

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Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)

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John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

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Feb 15, 1946. Built ENIAC.

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UNIVAC I

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1st American commercial business computer

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1000 calculations per second

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UNIVAC I

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Internet

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Developed by Department of Defense to disseminate info incase of attack

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ARPANET

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Advance Research Projects Agency Network

Evolved into internet

Scientific use until publicized in 1984

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August 23, 1991

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World Wide Web were publicly accessed

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1946

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ENIAC

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1965

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Olivetti Programma 101

First commercial desktop computer

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Olivetti Programa 101

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First commercial desktop computer

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1974

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Telenet

First Internet Service Provider

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1976

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Apple I

First personal computer with keyboard

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1981

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Osborne 1

First true mobile computer

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1983

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Motorola DynaTAC 8000x

First mobile phone

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1988

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Fuji DS-1P

First digital camera

Gavilian

First fully functional laptop computer

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1991

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info.cern.ch

First web address

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1991

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World Wide Web

Information system

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1993 (2)

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Mosaic

First popular web browser

Apple Newton Message Pad

First personal digital assistant

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1994

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YahooPioneer of internet

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1995

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Amazon

First online retailer

Internet explorer

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1996

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Google

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1997

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Six degrees

First social media site

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2001

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Wikipedia

Online encyclopedia

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2007

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Iphone

First Apple smartphone

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Pier Giorgio Perotto

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Olivetti Programma 101

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Bolt Beranek and Newman

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Telenet

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Steve Wonziak and Steve Jobs

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Apple 1

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Adam Osborne

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Osborne-1

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Martin Cooper

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Motorola DynaTAC 8000x

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Steve Sasson

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Fuji DS-1P

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Nanny Fernandez

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Gavilian

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Tim berner-lee

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World wide web

Info.cern.ch

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Frank Canova

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Angler

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1992

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Angler

First smartphone

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John Sculley

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Apple Newton Message pad

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Marc Andreessen

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Mosaic

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Jerry Yang and David Filo

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Yahoo

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Bezos

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Amazon

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Microsoft

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Internet explorer

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Larry Page and Segrey Brin

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Google

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Andrew Weinrich

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Six degrees

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Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger

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Wikepedia

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Steve jobs

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Iphone

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Computer

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Execute hardware and software programs

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Classification of Computer (Purpose)

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General Purpose Computer

Specific Purpose Computer

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Classification of Computer (functionality)

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Analog computer

Digital Computer

Hybrid computer

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Classification of Computer(Size)

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Supercomputer

Mainframe computer

Mini-computer/Server

Micro-computer/Personal Computer

Workstation

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Summit

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Fastest supercomputer

148.6 pb

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IBM blue gene

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Supercomputer first obtained by Philippines

Used in Project Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH)

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April 3, 1983

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1st phone

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Average number of accounts per person

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7.6 accounts per person

Spend 146 mins/daily

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Jonathan Abrams

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Friendster

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Reid Hoffman, Allen Blue, Konstantin Guericke, Jean-luc Valiant

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Linkedin

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Swede Niklas Zennstrom; Dane Janud Friis

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Skype

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Tom Anderson

Chris Dewolfe

Jon Hart

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Myspace

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Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin

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Facebook

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Paypal employees Chad hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim

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Youtube

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Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz stone, Evan Williams

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Twitter

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David Karp; Oath, Inc.

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Tumblr

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DBH Communications

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Bizsugar

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Kevin Stram; Mike Kreiger

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Insta

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Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, Evan Sharp

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Pinterest

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Talmon Marco and Igor Magazinnik (Rakuten)

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Viber

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Health risk Information Age

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Eyestrain

Hearing Problems

Depression

Accidents

Brain Cancer

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Information Overload

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Betram Gross popularized by Alvin Toffler

Similar to infobesity

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Crap Test

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Currency

Reliability

Authority

Purpose

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1 min break

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Mamatay ka na mamii