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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypothetico-Deductive Model |
For all x, if x is F, then x is G |
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Auxiliary Hypothesis |
Other claims which are required to validly draw the conclusion from the principle hypothesis and initial conditions |
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Naive Falsification |
Failure of the predictions conclusively falsifies the hypothesis in question |
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Crucial Experiment |
Set up to confirm one hypothesis or theory while dis-confirming another one when competition between alternative hypotheses arises. |
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Controlled Experiment |
Possible causes of the effect under investigation, besides the cause studied, are not allowed to vary |
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Industrial foods |
food that you cannot determine its origin by looking at the packaging |
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Scientist |
Research freedom Responsible for internal demand Summary at the end of work |
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Engineers |
Meet Goals Responsible for practical solution Regular reports |
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Scaling Up |
Developing the conditions for the large-scale production necessary for commercial success |
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Complementary Technologies |
Technology only functional as parts of systems |
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How does science develop? |
Periods of cumulative incremental development punctuated by periods of non-cumulative transformation |
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Normal Science |
accumulative incremental development |
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Paradigm |
Conceptual and theoretical framework through which scientist organize experience Theories Standards of the field Outstanding puzzles which paradigm should solve |
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Scientific Revolution |
Period of non-cumulative transformation |
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When does Scientific Revolution occur? |
When there is a loss of confidence in a prevailing paradigm and an alternative is proposed |
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During Scientific Revolution crisis period? |
paradigm is challenged by an alternative |
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When does Scientific Revolution end? |
When the proposed alternative is accepted by the majority of the scientists in the field |
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Paradigm Shift |
Abandonment of one paradigm and the acceptance of an alternative in place of the original |
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Incommensurable paradigms |
Alternative ways of seeing the world that simply cannot be compared |
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Luddite |
Resist technological change |
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Where did the concept of progress conform? |
Enlightenment thinkers |
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History of Progress: 18th Century |
Concept of progress comes about People begin to doubt and ask questions |
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History of Progress: 19th Century |
Concept of Invention Europeans: Skeptical Americans: Technology= moral progress Some skepticism |
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History of Progress: 20th Century |
Progress dies; can't be bothered with it Technological innovation= moral, social, and emotional progress |
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Industrial Foods traced back to? |
Corn fields |
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Why is corn successful/efficient? |
Consumes less water & more carbon at a time More durable Can take in Carbon-13 |
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How has corn domesticated humans? |
We came just as reliant on it as it became reliant on us It was much more efficient and successful than wheat for the colonists |
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How is corn a form of intellectual property? |
Easily breed certain new traits that make one strain more desirable than another so people patent their strains and seeds |
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Result of fast food industry |
Factor system Higher demand Lower quality Lower prices Few slaughter houses |
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Government subsides change food production? |
Over production of corn Surplus resulted in the creation of things such as corn syrup |
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Why has food contamination becomes greater concern due to the system? |
Tons of meat being processed together Poor living conditions for animals All being fed corn E-Coli |
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Cost of Food |
Fast food costs go down while health foods and natural food cost rise |
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Negative effects of food costs? |
More affordable to eat fast food so Diabetes E-coli Obesity |
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Industrial food system altered the treatment of animals and workers? |
Poor diets for animals Poor Living conditions Illegal labor w no consequences to companies Farms going broke Farmers must buy in to company contracts to stay working |
