Structure And Functions Of Animals

Front 1

Tissues

Back 1

Groups of similar cells that perform a specific functions.

Front 2

Stem Cells

Back 2

The first cell that form in an embryo that are capable of producing all another tulypes of cells.

Front 3

Epithelial Cells

Back 3

Line body cavities, ducts, and tubes and form skin. Mainly protective.

Front 4

Types od Epithelial Cells

Back 4

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Front 5

Squamous

Back 5

Cells are thin anf flat; usually function in roles of diffusion, secretion, or ither filtering such as in the blood vessels, air sacs in the lungs

Front 6

Cuboidal

Back 6

Cells are short,square shaped cubes; responsible for secretion and absorption in tissues such as ducts and glands in the kidneys, lungs and testes

Front 7

Columnar

Back 7

Cells are tall andbpost or column shaped; often have cilia at their surfaces, also have a secretion and absorption roles in guts and uterus.

Front 8

Glands

Back 8

Develop from epithelial and often stay very onnected to it.

Front 9

Exocrine glands

Back 9

Secrete substance through ducts or rubes, salivary, sweat, and mammary glands

Front 10

Endocrine glands

Back 10

Release substance called hormones directly binto fluids around tissues; ovaries and twee strs, thyroid, and the pancreas act in this manner.

Front 11

Connective tissue

Back 11

Connect, support and anchors part of the body

Front 12

Collagen and elastin

Back 12

Threadlike fibrous structures, and make polysaccharides that are background substance between the fibers.

Front 13

Loose Connective Tissue

Back 13

Has fewest fiber and cells arranged in a jelly- like ground substance. This arrangement makes the tissue flexible; covers many otgans and is supportivr under skin epithelial cells.

Front 14

Dense Connective tissue

Back 14

Has more of the protein collagen, which makes it a less flexible tissue, but provides strength.

Front 15

Cartilage

Back 15

Structural; solid connective tissue; pliable but not easily easily compressed so it canw ithstand physical stress.

Front 16

Bone

Back 16

Structural and protective, hardest tissue

Front 17

Blood

Back 17

Classified as a connective tissue, even though it doesnt it doesn't really attach to anything

Transfer mechanism and taking in oxygen

Front 18

Adipose

Back 18

Storage, mainly fat, cushions and insulates.

Front 19

Muscle tissue

Back 19

Shrten and contract and also relax back into their original shape when stimulated by brain.

Front 20

Muscle tissue types

Back 20

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Front 21

Skeletal Muscle

Back 21

Attach and allow movement of bones

Appear striated (striped)

Voluntary

Front 22

Smooth Muscle

Back 22

"Involuntary " involved in ongoinh contraction su check as wall of stomach, blood vessels or intestines

Front 23

Cardiac Muscle

Back 23

Only found in the walls of the heart

Pump blood, involuntary and striated.

Front 24

Nervous Tissue

Back 24

Comprises the brain, spinal cord, and millions of nerves that carry messags throughout the body

Front 25

Dendrites

Back 25

Branches that recieve incoming messgaes.

Front 26

Axons

Back 26

Branches that deliver outgoing messages

Front 27

Orgas

Back 27

Combination of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions.

Front 28

Organ system

Back 28

Collection of two or more organs that interact together. L to carry out specific functions.

Front 29

Sensory Receptors

Back 29

Are cells of the body that detect a stimilus

Front 30

Feedback mechanism

Back 30

Response that help keep system within normal ranges of operation.

Front 31

Negative feedback

Back 31

Main mechanism for homeostasis; some stimulus alters either the internal or external condition of the body

Front 32

Positive feedback

Back 32

The body responds to intensify or continue the change a stimulus has brought to the body.

Front 33

Endothermic organism

Back 33

Our body's internal core temperature is maintained at a normal range by metabolic processing that perform negative feedback loop

Front 34

Osmoregulation

Back 34

Control of gain or loss of water in the body as well as NaCl

Front 35

Osmoconformers

Back 35

Marin invertebrates; internal and external environment exist under similar conditions

Front 36

Osmoregulators

Back 36

Freshwatwr animals and marine vertebrates, terrestrial animals; jody must actively keep solutes in homeostasis and control net water loss or gain

Front 37

Urinary System

Back 37

1. Regulate water and salt balances

2. Remove nitrogenous wasted

3. Adjust fluid pH

4. Excrete bile pigments and minerals

Front 38

Kidneys

Back 38

Two bean shape organs licated against the rear of the abdomeninal cavity

Front 39

Renal

Back 39

Refers to kidneys and their functions

Front 40

Renal capsule

Back 40

Kidney are encapsulated with connective tissue

Front 41

Renal pelvis

Back 41

Central cavity of kidney, drains the urine from the kidney to the ureters

Front 42

Ureters

Back 42

Tubes wuich drain urine from each kidney to the storage organ bladder

Front 43

Nephron

Back 43

Thintube networks throught out kidneys, acts as a filtering structures that exchnage water and solutes with the blood

Front 44

Glomerulus

Back 44

At the start of the nephron tubule, where the blood capillaries cluster together that feed into renal tubules; encapsulated inside the nephron wall area called the bowman's capsule

Front 45

Bowman's capsule

Back 45

Surround glomerulus, recieves substance filtered from blood at the glomerulus

Front 46

Proximal tube

Back 46

Winding tube, carries the filtered substances away from glomerulus

Front 47

Loop of henle

Back 47

Long u shaped area

Front 48

Distal tube

Back 48

Emptying into a larger,straight collecting duct

Front 49

Filtration

Back 49

Blood circulates through kidneys

Front 50

Filtration

Back 50

Blood circulates through kidneys

Front 51

Reabsorption

Back 51

Filtrate solutes needed by body are passed into capillaries surrounding tubules

Front 52

Secretion

Back 52

Wastes, toxins, excess water passed from capillaries into nephron