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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The skin is a physical _____ that ____ the underlying tissues and structures from?
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barier and protects
1. microorganisms 2.physical trauma 3.unltraviolet radiation 4.dehydration |
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Skin plays vital roles in what 5 things?
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1. temperature maintenance
2. Fluid and electrolyte balance 3. Absorption 4. Excretion 5. Sensation |
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What are the skin layers
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Epidermis
Dermis |
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Epidermis
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outermost layer of skin
helps keep skin waterproof contains melanin and carotene which gives us our color |
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Dermis
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-inner layer of skin
-papillae froms the base for swirls and ridges-provides unique pattern for fingerprints -origin of hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands |
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What is found in the Dermis layer of the skin? Which 2 glands and what do they do?
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Sebaceous gland-develop from hair follicles and secretes sebum which lubricates hair and skin decreasing water loss through the skin.
-Sweat glands-vital to temperature regulation |
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What are the two types of general hair?
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Vellus hair-short, pale, and fine, found over most of the body
Terminal hair-particulary the scalp and eyebrows, longer, darker and coarser |
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What is the function of hair?
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1.Protective covering
2.Filter for dust and airborne debris |
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what are the most common types of CA
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1. Melanoma
2. Basal cell Carcinoma 3.Squamous cell carcinoma |
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Risk factors of skin cancer
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sun exposure
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How do you examine the skin for suspected lesions?
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ABDCE
Asymmetry Border- not straight Color-gets darker Diameter-gets bigger Elevation-gets raised |
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Primary Lesions
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1.Macule-Flat, non-palpable lesion; freckles, petechiae, ecchymosis
2.Papule: elevated, palpable solid; pimples, warts 3. Nodue/Tumor: elevated, solid, palpable mass; squamous cell CA; poorly absorbed injection |
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Primary Lesions cont...
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Vesicle (small) or Bulla (larger): round elevated mass containg fluid; herpes simplex, zoster, caricella
2.Wheal-elevated mass w/ irregular borders; uticaria, hives 3. Pusutle-pus filled vesicle or bulla/ acne, impetigo 4.Cyst-encapsulated fluid-filled or simeisolid mass in subcutaneous or dermis tissue |
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Secondary lesions
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1.Erosion-loss of superficial epidermis only; scratch marks
2.Ulcer-skin loss past epidermis/pressure ulcer, venous insufficiency ulcer 3.Scar-skin mark left after healing wound/lesion 4.Fissure-linear crack in skin-may extend to dermis/ chapped lips, or hands; athlete's feet |
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Vascular skin lesions
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1.Petechiae-round red/purple macule
2.Eccymosis-macular lesion larget then patechiae; color changes w/ black, yellow, and green hues, associated with trauma or bleeding 3.hematoma-localized collection of blood creating elevated eccymosis |
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vascular skin lesions cont...
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4. cherry angioma-red/purple round papule
5.Spider angioma-red arteriole lesion-looks like a spider 6. talangiectasis (venous star) spider like or linear; bluish red, does not blanch |
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What to inspection on skin?
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1 note any distinctive odor
2.Generalized color variations 3.Skin breakdown 4.Primary lesions 5.Secondary lesions 6.Vascular lesions |
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how do primary lesions arise
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from normal skin due to irritation or disease
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how do secondary lesions arise?
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from changes in primary lesions
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How do vascular lesions arise?
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reddish-bluish lesions are seen w/bleeding, venous pressure, aging, liver disease and pregnancy
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Inspect skin for what?
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lesions
texture temperature and mositure thickness of skin edema mobility and tugor |
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Inspect for what on scalp and hair
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1. general color and condition, cleanliness, dryness, or oiliness, parasite and lesions
2.Amount and distribution of scalp, body, axillae, and pubic hair |
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What do you inspect on nails
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nail grooming and cleanliness
nail color and markings shape of nails |
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what do you palpate on nails
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texture
assess texture and consistency capillary refil |
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What are questions you ask the pt about current symptoms regarding skin, hair and nails?
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1. Skin Problems-rash, dryness, drainage, swelling, bruising..etc
2.Changes in lesion appearance: color, size or shape 3.Hair loss or changes 4.Controlling body odor problems 5. Body piercing or tattoos-infections |
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Bacterial infections cause what color of nail discoloration?
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green, black, or brown
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Fungal infections cause what color of nail discoloration?
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yellow, thick, crumbling nails
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Yeast infections cause what color of nail discoloration and what does it seperate?
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white color and seperation of the nail plate from the nail bed
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Who is least susceptible to skin CA?
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Asians
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What are some risk reductions in Skin CA?
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1. Reduce exposure to direct sunlight.
2.Always use sunscreen 3.Wear long-sleeve shirts and wide-brimmed hats 4.Avoid sunburns 5.Understand the link b/w sun exposure and skin cancer and how they develop CA 6.have annual skin CA screenings |
