Streptococci And Enterococci

Front 1

Streptococci:
-Gram+/-?
-Catalase?
-Appearance?
-Classification of O2 Metab?

Back 1

-gram+
-catalase negative
-appear in pairs and chains
-facultative

Front 2

Streptococci Classification:
Lancefield Grouping and Hemolysis Patterns for:
-S. pyogenes
-S. agalactiae
-S. pneumoniae

Back 2

-S. pyogenes: Lancefield A; beta hemolytic
-S. agalactiae: Lancefield B; beta hemolytic
-S. pneumoniae: Lancefield nongroupable; alpha hemolytic

Front 3

S. pyogenes:
Important Cell Surface Stuctures

Back 3

-M proteins
-group A specific carbohydrates: rhamnose and N-acetylglucosamine

Front 4

S. pyogenes:
M-Protein Fxn

Back 4

dual activity:
-adhesin
-antiphgocytic factor: degrades complement component
-antigenic shift (allows for immune sys. evasion)

Front 5

S. pyogenes:
Virulence Factors:
Enzymes/Exotoxins

Back 5

-pyogenic exotoxins
-streptolysins S & O
-streptokinases A & B
-streptodornase
-hyaluronidase
("You have strep throat" "PSSSH, no i dont" [pt gets scarlet fever] "nice")

Front 6

S. pyogenes:
Virulence Factors:
Enzymes/Exotoxins:
Pyogenic Exotoxins

Back 6

-act like super antigens
-mediate toxic shock
-cause rash of scarlet fever

Front 7

S. pyogenes:
Virulence Factors:
Enzymes/Exotoxins:
Streptolysins S&O

Back 7

-invasin
-lyses RBCs (B-hemolytic), platelets

Front 8

S. pyogenes:
Virulence Factors:
Enzymes/Exotoxins:
Streptokinases A&B

Back 8

-invasin
-lyses blood clots

Front 9

S. pyogenes:
Virulence Factors:
Enzymes/Exotoxins:
Streptodornase

Back 9

-DNase
-invasin
-degrades DNA in pus, reducing the viscosity and facilitating the spread

Front 10

S. pyogenes:
Virulence Factors:
Enzymes/Exotoxins:
Hyaluronidase

Back 10

-invasin
-digests CT

Front 11

S. pyogenes:
Suppurative Diseases

Back 11

-pharyngitis (strep throat): complications can lead to scarlet fever (rash)
-ipetigo: infection of superficial layers of skin
-erysipelas: red skin
-cellulitis: infection of deep layers of skin
-necrotizing fasciitis: flesh eating; rare
(pt gets scarlet fever.. "NICE")

Front 12

S. pyogenes:
Lab Diagnosis

Back 12

-bacitracin sensitivity test
-presence of N-acetylglucosamine & rhamnose dimer, M protein, streptolysin S&O, streptodornase, streptokinases A&B

Front 13

S. agalactiae:
Disease

Back 13

baby killer
(aga=baby in korean)

Front 14

S. agalactiae:
Lab Diagnosis:
CAMP Test

Back 14

-CAMP test: S. agalactiae makes CAMP factor, which enhances hemolytic activity of S. aureus and causes an enhanced zone of hemolysis
(2 Soldiers in the Army stay in the same CAMP... with a hippo)

Front 15

S. agalactiae:
Lab Diagnosis:
Hippurate Test

Back 15

-S. agalactiae has enz hippuricase, which if placed in a medium with hippurate, it will hydrolyze it into benzene. benzene will combine with ferrin chloride to produce violet precipitate = + test

Front 16

S. agalactiae:
Lab Diagnosis:
Presence of?

Back 16

-group B specific carbohydrate: polymer of rhamnose, n-acetylglucosamine, galactose (BNGR)
-C protein (aga-C like tennis player)
(ABC)

Front 17

S. pneumoniae:
Major Virulence Factor?

Back 17

capsule (antiphagocytic)

Front 18

S. pneumoniae:
Infection epidemiology?

Back 18

-most infections are caused by endogenous spread from colonized naso/oropharynx to distal site
-person to person spread is extremely rare

Front 19

S. pneumoniae:
Diseases?

Back 19

-otitis media: inflammation/infection of middle ear
-bacterial pneumonia: inflammation of lungs
-meningitis: inflammation of meninges covering brain
(when pneumonia killed pavarotti, dr. shin was so mad, he started a MOB)

Front 20

S. pneumoniae:
Lab Diagnosis:

Back 20

-optochin (an antibiotic) sensitivity test: growth inhibited by optochin
-bile solubility test: undergo spontaneous lysis in bile and produce autolytic enzyme amidase
-quellung rxn: when subjected to anticapsular Ab, capsule swells
(BOQ has pneumonia)

Front 21

S. pneumoniae:
Treatment

Back 21

-penecillin, but resistance is increasingly common
-2 types of pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine (PPV)

Front 22

Other Streptococci:
Presence of what species commonly indicates colon cancer?

Back 22

S. bovis (group D)
(D cow has colon cancer)

Front 23

Other Streptococci:
Which species is a common cause of endocarditis following dental procedures (e.g., extraction)?

Back 23

Viridans group of Streptococci

Front 24

Enterococci:
-Appearance?
-Classification of O2 Metab?
-Classification of Hemolysis?
-Often found where?

Back 24

-often occur in pair (diplococci)
-facultative
-gamma hemolytic
-important nosocomial pathogen

Front 25

Enterococci:
-Virulence Factor

Back 25

-intrinsic antibiotic resistance
*first bug to develop antibiotic resistance to vancomycin