Steven Stern Social Psych

Front 1

Stereotype

Back 1

What a group thinks about a group (cognitive component)

Hint 1

They're criminals, they're bad at math

Front 2

Prejudice

Back 2

Evaluation or affective component (Affect)

Front 3

Discrimination

Back 3

Behavioral component (behavior)

Point of attack for changing people's cognition.

Front 4

Grain of Truth Theory

Back 4

Maybe stereotypes form from small collections of data

Front 5

Social Identity Theory

3 cognitive responses

Back 5

Categorize- sort people into groups as we do objects

Identify- associate ourselves with an ingroup

Compare- compared ourselves with an outgroup

Front 6

Ingroup Bias

Back 6

We favor our own group

Front 7

Outgroup Bias

Back 7

Tend to be more likely to put down groups that we don't like

Front 8

Outgroup Homogeneity Bias

Back 8

Members of other groups appear similar to us

Front 9

Accentuation Effects

(Corneille 2004)

Back 9

We tend to recall members of a group as more stereotypical than they are

Front 10

Dehumanization

Back 10

We see members of outgroups as less human than ourselves

Front 11

Infrahumanization

Back 11

We see people as only a LITTLE less human

Front 12

Stereotype Content Model

(Fiske et al.)

-we sort out groups in terms of:

Back 12

1) Warmth (hostile or not)

2) Competence (dangerous out not)

*mostly see ourselves and ingroups as warm and competent

- as well as Christians, women, middle class and students

Front 13

Explicit Prejudice

Back 13

When someone answers a question or acts overtly

Hint 13

Ex: Answers that they dislike talking to foreigners on the phone

Front 14

Implicit Prejudice

Back 14

Underlying prejudice that a person may not be aware that they have

Front 15

Situational Ambiguity

Back 15

When someone is behaving in a way, but doesn't understand why they are behaving that way.

Front 16

Symbolic Racism

Back 16

Dislike of political symbols of equality

Front 17

Affirmative Action

Back 17

No problem with a persons actions because they were doing their jobs

Front 18

Aversive Racism

Back 18

Consciously non-racist, but adverse to the outgroup

- arousal even though not racist b/c of subtle biases we are unaware of

Front 19

Hostile Sexism

Back 19

Overt anti-women beliefs

Front 20

Benevolent Sexism

Back 20

Pro-women beliefs that are protective and paternalistic

Front 21

Ambivalent Sexism Theory

Back 21

Mutual reinforcement of hostile and benevolent sexism

Front 22

Self-fulfilling Prophesy

Back 22

Blaming oneself- withdrawal, self-hate, aggression against one's own group

Blaming others- striking out, suspicion

Front 23

Self-loathing

Back 23

Hating one's self

-doll study by Clark and Clark showed schools had been teaching black children to hate who they were

Front 24

Stereotype Threat

Back 24

Self-fulfilling belief that one will conform to a negative stereotype

Front 25

Stereotypes of Disabled Persons

Back 25

Assexual

Unappealing

Dependent

Entitled

Unemployed

Isolated

Front 26

Some Sources of Prejudice

Back 26

Illusory correlation

Just Would Beliefs

Selective Pressure to Avoid (evolutionary)

Media Effects (mean world hyp)

Frustration

Personality (intrinsic/extrinsic)

Front 27

Illusory Correlation

Back 27

The intersection of unlikely events

Front 28

Just World Beliefs

Back 28

There must be a bias that caused what happened; they must deserve what they got

Front 29

Selective Pressure to Avoid

Back 29

Outsiders

Non-reciprocators

Potentially diseased or hazardous

Front 30

Media Effects (the mean world hyp)

Back 30

One group committing the crimes

Other group victims

Front 31

Frustration (Scapegoat Theory)

Back 31

When something bad is happening to you or your group, you sometimes look for another person or group to blame

Front 32

Personality

Back 32

Religion

- Extrinsic more prejudice b/c purpose is fun and social life

- Intrinsic less prejudice b/c look for closer relationship with God

Empathy (less likely to be prejudice)

Authoritarian (more likely to be prejudice and hold Just World Beliefs)

Front 33

Aggression

Back 33

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Front 34

Hostile Aggression

Back 34

Aggression driven by anger and preformed as an end to itself

Front 35

Instrumental Aggression

Back 35

Aggression that is a means to some other end

Hint 35

Helping, saving, $$$, game

Front 36

Where Aggression Comes From

Back 36

Genes

Frustration

Social norms

Guns

Television

Front 37

Social Contract

Back 37

We constructed social systems to keep us in line because we were born aggressive

Life is short and brutish

Front 38

Kin Theory

Back 38

Evolution has selected altruism toward close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes

Front 39

Parenting that Causes Children to be Aggressive

Back 39

Punitive Parents: punishing, frequently hit

Rejecting Parents: cold, shut out kids

Inconsistent Parents: rarely agree

Frequent Threats

Erratic Discipline: sometimes punished, sometimes not

Low Supervision: children left to their own devices

Front 40

Instinctive Behavior

Back 40

An innate, unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species

Front 41

Cathartic

Back 41

Releases aggressive energy by acting on or fantasizing aggression

Front 42

Frustration Aggression Theory

Back 42

The theory that frustration triggers a readiness to agress

Front 43

Frustration

Back 43

The blocking of a goal directed behavior

Front 44

Displacement

Back 44

Directing aggression to a safer, more socially acceptable target

Front 45

Aggressive Cues

Back 45

Heat, crowd, pain

Weapons effect

Pornography

Front 46

Relative Deprivation

Back 46

The perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself

Front 47

Social Learning Theory

Back 47

We learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished

Front 48

Excitation Transfer Theory

Back 48

Raises level of physiological arousal, and aggression can be produced

Front 49

Social Comparison

Back 49

We are brought together from our need for comparison

Front 50

The Environment Security Hyp

Back 50

We select those with traits that suggest fertility/health

Front 51

Physical Factors and Genetic Explanations- the environmental security hypothesis

Back 51

Female Body Preferences depend on food source reliability

-wide hips b/c symbol of fertility

Symmetry and averageness b/c deformation is a symbol of genetic mutation

Invest avoidance b/c incest increases likelihood of passing on damaged genes

Chemicals neuropeptide oxycotin "love hormone" strengthens maternal/protective bonds in rats

-in humans triggered by sexual stimulation and empathy

Front 52

Evolutionary Design

Back 52

Large breasts are a mimick of butts and lips are an imitation of the vagina

Front 53

Social Exchange Theory

Back 53

Human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize rewards and minimize costs

Front 54

Matching Hypothesis/ Phenomenon

Back 54

The tendency for men and women to choose as partners, those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits

Front 55

Simple Social Factors

Back 55

Familiarity (to know him is to love him) - mere exposure effect

Proximity (availability)

Reciprocity (knowing someone likes them) -reward of attraction theory

Front 56

Mere Exposure Effect

Back 56

The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them

Seeing something once makes it more attractive than if you've never seen it

Front 57

Reward of Attraction Theory

Back 57

The theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or when we associate with rewarding events

Front 58

Ostracism

Back 58

Exclusion from a society or group

- we are evolutionarily primed to be adverse to it

Front 59

4 Needs that Ostracism Threatens

Back 59

Need to belong

Need for sense of control

Need for self-esteem

Need for meaningful existence

Front 60

3 Basic Components of Love and their combinations

Back 60

Intimacy (liking)

Passion (infatuation)

Decision/Commitment (empty love)

Romantic Love = intimacy + passion

Fatuous Love = passion + commitment

Compassionate Love= intimacy + commitment

Front 61

Two-factor Theory of Emotion

Back 61

Physiological response X cognitive evaluation = emotion

Physical arousal accentuates romantic responses

Front 62

Altruism

Back 62

A motive to increase another's welfare without regard for one's self interests

Front 63

Egoism

Back 63

A motive to increase one's own welfare

Front 64

Disguised self-interest

Back 64

We do things both helpful, and not, that help ourselves

Front 65

Empathy

Back 65

We suffer when we see other people suffer

Front 66

Reciprocity Norm

Back 66

An expectation that people will help those who have helped them

Front 67

Reciprocity (helping)

Back 67

Evolution has selected behaviors that lead others to help us when our lives are in danger

Front 68

Responsibility Norm

Back 68

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them