Step 1 Classic Labs/findings

Front 1

anticentromere antibodies

Back 1

Scleroderma (CREST)

Front 2

Antidesmoglein (epitheial) antibodies

Back 2

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Front 3

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Back 3

Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

Front 4

Antihistone antibodies

Back 4

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

Front 5

Anti-IgG antibodies

Back 5

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

Front 6

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)

Back 6

1` biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

Front 7

Antineutrophil cytoplsmic antibodies (ANCAs)

Back 7

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegner's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Straus syndrome)

Front 8

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

Back 8

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Front 9

Antiplatlet antibodies

Back 9

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Front 10

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Back 10

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

Front 11

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

Back 11

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

Front 12

"Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray

Back 12

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

Front 13

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

Back 13

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially promyelocytic [M3] type)

Front 14

Bacitracin response

Back 14

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (gourp A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

Front 15

"Bamboo spine" on x-ray

Back 15

Ankylosing spondylitits (Chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

Front 16

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Back 16

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen

Front 17

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Back 17

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Front 18

Bloody tap on LP

Back 18

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 19

"boot-shaped" heart on x-ray

Back 19

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

Front 20

branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

Back 20

Actinomyces israelii

Front 21

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

Back 21

Pancoast tumor (can compress sypathetic ganglion andd cause Horner's syndrome)

Front 22

"brown" tumor of bone

Back 22

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to:
1. Hyperparathyroidism
2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Front 23

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Back 23

Chagas' disease (trypanosoma cruzi)

Front 24

Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule

Back 24

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Front 25

"chocolate cyst" of ovary

Back 25

endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

Front 26

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Back 26

Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

Front 27

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

Back 27

Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

Front 28

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Back 28

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

Front 29

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

Back 29

Tabes dorsalis (3` syphilis)

Front 30

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Back 30

Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Front 31

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Back 31

Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

Front 32

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

Back 32

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

Front 33

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

Back 33

Koilocytes (HPV; predisposes to cervical cancer)

Front 34

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

Back 34

"owl's-eye" appearance of CMV

Front 35

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

Back 35

"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

Front 36

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells

Back 36

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

Front 37

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion of nerve cell

Back 37

Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)

Front 38

Eosinophilic globule in liver

Back 38

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

Front 39

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

Back 39

Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

Front 40

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

Back 40

Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)

Front 41

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominant inclusions ("owl's eyes")

Back 41

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)

Front 42

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Back 42

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

Front 43

"hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

Back 43

Beta-thalasssemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

Front 44

hCG elevated

Back 44

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

Front 45

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

Back 45

Aschoff bodies (rhuematic fever)

Front 46

Heterophile antibodies

Back 46

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Front 47

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

Back 47

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

Front 48

High levels of D-dimers

Back 48

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

Front 49

Hilar lymphadenophathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

Back 49

Ghon complex (1`TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

Front 50

"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray

Back 50

Interstitial fibrosis

Front 51

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Back 51

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

Front 52

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Back 52

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)

Front 53

Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Back 53

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

Front 54

Increased uric acid levels

Back 54

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

Front 55

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Back 55

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

Front 56

Iron-contaning nodules in the aveolar septum

Back 56

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma)

Front 57

Large lysosomal vessicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

Back 57

Chediak-Higashi diease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

Front 58

"lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray

Back 58

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

Front 59

linear appearance of glomeruli on immunoflourescence

Back 59

Goodpasture's syndrome

Front 60

Low serum ceruloplasmin

Back 60

Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

Front 61

"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunoflourescence

Back 61

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

Front 62

Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray

Back 62

Multiple Myeloma

Front 63

Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst

Back 63

Fibrocystic change of the breast

Front 64

Monoclonal antiboy spike

Back 64

1.Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)

2.Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)

3.Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia

4.Primary amyloidosis

Front 65

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

Back 65

Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)

Front 66

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

Back 66

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

Front 67

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph

Back 67

"String sign" (Crohn's disease)

Front 68

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

Back 68

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

Front 69

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

Back 69

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

Front 70

Nevobiocin response

Back 70

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Front 71

"nugmeg" appearance of liver

Back 71

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

Front 72

"onion-skin" periosteal reaction

Back 72

Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

Front 73

Optochin response

Back 73

Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus

Front 74

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

Back 74

Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

Front 75

Podocyte fusion on EM

Back 75

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

Front 76

Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

Back 76

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

Front 77

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

Back 77

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)

Front 78

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

Back 78

Glioblastoma multiforme

Front 79

RBC casts in urine

Back 79

Acute glomerulonephritis

Front 80

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

Back 80

Reinke cyrstals (Leydig cell tumor)

Front 81

Renal epithlial casts in urine

Back 81

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

Front 82

Rhomboid cyrstals, positively birefringent

Back 82

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)

Front 83

Rib notching

Back 83

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 84

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

Back 84

Toxoplasma gondii

Front 85

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)

Back 85

Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)

Front 86

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

Back 86

Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

Front 87

"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray

Back 87

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

Front 88

"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits

Back 88

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

Front 89

Stacks of RBCs

Back 89

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

Front 90

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

Back 90

"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Front 91

"Tennis-racket" -shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

Back 91

Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

Front 92

Thrombi made of white/red layers

Back 92

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs - suggest thrombus formed pre-mortem)

Front 93

"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray

Back 93

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

Front 94

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Back 94

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Front 95

"Tram-track" appearance on LM

Back 95

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 96

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

Back 96

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

Front 97

WBCs that look "smudged"

Back 97

CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)

Front 98

"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM

Back 98

Lupus nephropathy

Front 99

Yellow CSF

Back 99

Xantochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)