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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Descriptive Statistics
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Organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of information (dataset or data)
How might we want to describe these data? Most popular major (Mode) Average age (Mean) |
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Inferential Statistics
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Used to make inferences from a smaller group of data to a larger one
Ex: Make an inference based on our list of 22 students (page 8) to the entire student body at the school |
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Sample
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Smaller group, portion, or subset of a larger group
Ex: 22 students on the list |
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Population
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The entire group or all the occurrences with our specified characteristics
Ex: All the students at the college |
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Unit of Analysis
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The what or whom being studied
Ex:: People with Schizophrenia |
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Average
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One value that best represents an entire group of scores
Also called Measures of Central Tendency We use to summarize or describe our data |
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Mean
When should use this? |
Sum of all the values in a group, divided by the number of values in that group
Quantitative data (ex: test scores) |
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Median
When should you use this? |
Midpoint in a set of scores, half (50%) of scores fall above and half (50%) fall below
Quantitative data (ex: test scores) |
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Mode
When should you use this? |
The value that occurs most frequency
Qualitative, categorical, nominal data (ex: eye color) |
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Skew
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Distortion
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Outliers
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extreme scores
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Variability
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how scores differ from one another
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What are three standard measures of variability ?
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range, standard deviation, variance
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Range
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Range: The highest score minus the lowest score
Formula: r = h - l |
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standard deviation
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The average distance from the mean
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What are the steps to calculating the standard deviation?
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Calculating the Standard Deviation:
List each score in any order Compute the mean of the group Subtract the mean from each score Square each difference Add each squared differences (or deviations) Divide the sum by n (the sample size) subtracted by 1 (n- 1) Take the square root |
