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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ANOVA |
A technique used to test simultaneously whether the means of several populations are equal. it uses the F distribution as the distribution of the test statistic |
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Asymptotic |
Of, relating to, or being an asymptote; (of lines) approaching ever nearer, but never crossing. |
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Box Plot |
A graphic display that shows the general shape of variable's distribution. It is based on five descriptive statistics: the maximum and minimum values, the first and third quartiles, and the mean |
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Coefficient of Determination |
The proportion of the total variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable. It can assume any value between 0 and + 1.00 inclusive. This coefficient is computed by squaring the correlation coefficient, r. |
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Combination |
A formula to count the number of possible arrangements when the order of the outcomes is not important. For example, the outcome (a,b,c) is considered the same as (c,b,a). |
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Continuous Variable |
A random variable that may assume infinite number of values within a given rage
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Correlation coefficient |
A measure of the strength of association between two variables |
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Descriptive Statistics |
The techniques used to describe the important characteristics of set of data. This includes organizing the data values into a frequency distribution computing measures of location and computing measures of dispersion and skewness. |
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Discrete Variable |
A random variable that can assume only certain clearly separated values. |
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Dummy Variable |
A qualitative variable. it can assume only one of two possible outcomes. |
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Empirical Rule |
Empirical Rule For a symmetrical, bell-shaped frequency distribution, approximately 68% of the observations lie within +/- 1 standard deviation of the mean; about 95% lie within +/- 2 SD of the mean; and practically all (99.7%) lie within +/- 3 within 3 SD of the mean. |
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Frequency Distribution |
A grouping of data into classes showing the number of observations in each of the mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive classes. |
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Histogram |
A graphical display of a frequency or relative frequency distribution. The horizontal axis shows the classes. The vertical height of adjacent bars shows the frequency or realtive frequency of each class. |
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Homoscedasticity |
The Standard error of estimate is the same for all fitted values of the dependent variable |
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Hypotheses |
A statement or claim about the value of a population parameter. Ex 40.7 of all persons 65 years or older live alone. The mean number of people in a car is 1.33 |
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Inferential statistics (Statistical Inference) |
This facet of statistics deals with estimating a population parameter based on a sample statistic. for example, if a sample of 10 TI-36X solar calculators revealed 2 to be defective we might infer that 20% of the production is defective. |
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Interval Level |
If one observations is greater than another by a certain amount, and the zero point is arbitrary, the measurement is on an interval scale. |
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Ishikawa |
A diagram that shows the causes of an event and is often used in manufacturing and product development to outline the different steps in a process, demonstrate where quality control issues might arise and determine which resources are required at specific times. |
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Kurtosis |
A statistical measure used to describe the distribution of observed data around the mean. |
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Median |
The value of the middle observation after all the observations have been arranged from low to high. |
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Mode |
The value that appears most frequently in a set of data. for grouped data it is the midpoint of the class containing the largest number of values. |
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Multicollinearity |
A condition that occurs in multiple regression analysis if the independent variables are themselves correlated. |
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Mutually Exclusive |
A property of a set of categories such that an individual, object, or measurement is included in only one category. |
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Nominal Level |
The "lowest" level of measurement. Such data can only be classified into categories and there is no particular order for the categories. |
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Ogive |
The distribution curve of a frequency distribution. |
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Ordinal Level |
Data that can be ranked are referred to as ordinal measures. |
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Population |
The collection or set of all individuals, objects, or measurements whose properties are being studied. |
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Positively skewed distribution |
positive skew is when the long tail is on the positive side of the peak, and some people say it is "skewed to the right". |
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Qualitative Variable |
A nominal-Scale variable coded to assume only one nonnumerical outcome or category. For example, a person is considered either employed or unemployed. |
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Quartile |
Values of an ordered (minimum to Maximum) data set that divide the data into four intervals. |
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Range |
A measurement of dispersion found by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value. |
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Ratio Level |
If the distance between numbers is a constant size, there is a true zero point, and the ratio of two values is meaningful, then the data are ratio scale. |
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Sample |
A portion, or subset, of population being studied. |
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skewness |
Describe asymmetry from the normal distribution in a set of statistical data. |
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Standard Deviation |
The square root of the Variance |
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Statistics |
The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data for the purpose of making more effective decisions. |
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Type 1 error |
Occurs when a true H0 is rejected |
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Variance |
A measure of dispersion based on the average squared differences from the arithmetic mean. |
