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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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estimation
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the inferential process of using sample statistics to estimate population parameters
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point estimate
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use a single number as your estimate for a point
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interval estimate
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use a rang of value to estimate an unknown quantity
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confidence interval
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when an interval estimate is accompanied by a specific level of confidence (probability)
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Sm
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estimated standard error
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s squared (estimation independent measures)
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standard error
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smd (estimation independent measures)
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estimated standard error
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factor
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the variable that designates the groups being compared
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levels
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the individual conditions or values that make up the factor
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Why us an ANOVA?
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evaluate mean differences between two or more treatments (or populations), inferential
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F
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variance between sample means/variance expected with no treatment effect
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between-treatments variance
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calculate the variance between treatments to provide a measure of the overall differences
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within-treatment variance
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a measure of variability inside each treatment condition
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error term
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denominator of the F-ratio, a measure of variance caused by random, unsystematic differences
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experimentwise alpha level
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overall probability of a Type 1 error that accumulates over a series of separate hypothesis tests.
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scheffe test
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safest post hoc test
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repeated-measures ANOVA
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use same individuals in comparing several different treatments
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error variance
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denominator of the F-ratio in a repeated measures ANOVA
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independent variable
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manipulated variable in an experiment
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quasi-independent variable
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is not manipulated but defines the groups of scores
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main effect
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the mean differences among the levels of one factor
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interaction
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mean differences between individual treatment conditions are different from what would be predicted from the overall main effects of the factors.
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direction of relationship
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denoted by sign (+-)
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correlation
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measure an describe a relationship between two variables
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strength of relationship
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closer to +/- 1.00, stronger relationship
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pearson correlation
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measures the degree and the direction of the linear relationship between two variables
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SP
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sum of products
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r squared
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coefficient of determination
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coefficient of determination
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measures the proportion of variability in variable that can be determined from the relationship with the other variable
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partial correlation
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measures the relationship between two variables while controlling the influence of a third variable by holding it constant
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spearman correlation
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uses ordinal data, non-linear curve
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point-biserial correlation
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measure the relationship between two variables in situations in which one variable consists of regular numerical scores, but the second variable only has two values.
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central tendency
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the center of the relationship
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regression
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best-fitting straight line for a set of data
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standard error of estimate
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gives a measure of the standard distance between a regression line and the actual data points
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parametric test
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require a numerical score for each individual
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non parametric test
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categorized data
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chi-square test for goodness of fit
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uses sample data to test hypotheses about the shape or proportions of a population distribution
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observed frequency
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number of individuals from the sample who are classified in a particular category
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expected frequency
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each category is the frequency value that is predicted from the null hypothesis and the sample size
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chi-square test for independence
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uses the frequency data from a sample to evaluate the relationship between two variables in the population
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