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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alternative hypothesis
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a statement about the value of a parameter that is either "less than", "greater than", or "not equal to" a hypothesized number or another parameter; researcher usually wants to prove this
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ANOVA (analysis of variance)
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a procedure to test the equality of 3 or more means
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association
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for quantitative data, the values for both of the factors will correlate. for categorical data, certain response for one data will tend to occur for the other data
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bar graph
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a graphical representation of categorical data
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bias
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sampling that favors an outcome
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bivariate data
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two measurements are made on each data
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block
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a group of experimental units all sharing a common characteristic.
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randomized block design
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random allocation of treatments is carried out separately from within each group
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boxplot
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a plot of data that incorporates Q1, median, Q3, and the lowest and highest point.
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categorical
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a variable that can be separated into groups (age, gender, etc.)
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z score
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number of standard deviations a value or observation is from the mean
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x-bar chart
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a chart used to monitor a process and used to determine whether it is in control or out of control
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variance
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the average squared data about the mean
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univariate data
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one measurement on each unit
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unexplained variation
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the variation of the y's about the regression equation; equals the sum of squared residuals
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type II error
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believing a false Ho when Ha is really true
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type I error
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rejecting Ho when it is really true
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two-way table
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a table of counts summarizing information for bivariate categorical data
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two sided alternative hypothesis
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an alternative hypothesis where the researcher is interested in the deviation in both directions.
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two sample z proportions for proportions
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a procedure for comparing proportions of two populations using the proportion from two independent samples, one from each population
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claimed parameter value
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the value of the parameter as given in the null hypothesis
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conditional distribution
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the distribution of one variable to a single row of another variable in a two-way table.
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confidence level
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the percentage of all possible samples for which the confidence intervals will contain the parameter being estimated; selected by researcher
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confidence interval
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the estimate of the value of a parameter in interval form with an associated level of confidence;
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control chart
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a chart plotting the mean xbars of regular samples of size n against time. has limits that are 3õ/square root n above and below
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correlation coefficient
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the measure of linear strength of a regression slope, expressed by r
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extrapolation
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using a model to predict a y for an x that is outside the observed range of x's; not always encouraged
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least squares regression line
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the line that minimizes the sum of squared residuals
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marginal distribution
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the distribution of only 1 variable in a two way table
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matched pairs
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a design of experiment that combines matching of subject or measurements with randomization.
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